2014 Somerset Levels Floods: Causes and Future Strategies

2014 somersault levels Floods Causes and Future StrategiesFollowing the 2014 Somerset Levels fountains, Communities Secretary Eric Pickles publically apologised for the lack of dredging of the Levels and criticised the environs Agencies management strategy. Examine the causes of the Somerset Levels floods, and evaluate the flood management solutions.During the autumn and winter of 2013 2014, an unusually high frequency of depressions travel crossways the Somerset Levels, causing both fluvial and pluvial implosion therapy on a prodigious scale. The two chief(prenominal) rivers which flow through the Levels, The River relish and Parrett, burst their banks, spilling into the already heavily saturated flood plain. A major(ip) incident was declared and subsequently allowed the Somerset council to request financial, and physical, aid to the sphere ( theatre of operations of Commons, 2014).This essay highlights the key reasons the Somerset Levels flooded, as well as evaluating th e main management solutions that were put onward during the peak of the flooding.The autumn to winter catch saw a record-breaking jet-propelled plane Stream, fuelled by a descend cold Polar Vortex across the United States. With this, brought powerful storms across the United Kingdom (MetOffice, 2014). As the Polar Vortex moved southward, it interacted with the Jet Stream. This caused powerful Jet Streaks to radiation pattern, thus producing rapid cyclogenesis in the mid-Atlantic. This pattern lasted some(prenominal) months, exacerbating the flooding issues across the Somerset Levels.As the storms became to a greater extent frequent, the water supply t adapted filled up exp acentially, as the majority of the soil inner in the Somerset Levels consists of clay and, further inland, peat (North Somerset Council, 2008). Ein truth twelvemonth the area experiences pluvial flooding due to its impermeable calcareous clays, which drains water very slowly (Soilscapes, n.d.). In places, parts of the rivers that run through the Levels sit above tilth, which allowed broken river banks to spill water onto the neighbouring fields. Combined with the waterlogged land, it makes the area end slightly prone to flooding (House of Commons, 2014).The flooding eventually became a serious brat to residents and farmland which coerced the establishment to initialise flood management in the area, introducing ample dredging upon the main rivers (Hartwell-Naguib and Roberts, 2014). This process takes silt deposits out from the river bed to increase the passel of the river. There has been a divide amongst the government and the Environment Agency as to whether this is a feasible and financially secure approach to flood management. The Environment Agency rejects that dredging rivers is the most important approach, as Lord Smith, chairman of the EA, claims that dredging the rivers would but make a small difference and that other management solutions would consider to be applie d (Guardian, 2014). The Environment Agency (Environment Agency, 2014) retains the sentiment that dredging would only figure on a short-term home, and the silt on the riverbed would short return and need to be dredged once again, adding to the growing financial court. Dredging withal has a detrimental effect on the ecosystems that run within the river, as the UK Marine Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) adds that dredging causes a range of potentially negative environmental effects on our rivers (UK Marine, n.d.). These effects include the removal of certain species and poor quality of water for those species, primarily caused by suspended alluviation after(prenominal) the dredging process (UK Marine, n.d.). Although there appears to be a strong basis of negativity towards the process of dredging, it can also reduce the time that flooding occurs due to the increase of water conveyance within the river (CIWEM, 2014). other idea to limit river levels was to introduce natura l filter strips vegetation is introduced to the banks of rivers to slow protrude rain water from running into the river. This could in turn slow cut the rise of river levels, and limit the amount of water that breaks the river bank (North Somerset Council, 2008).Another flood management solution that was recommended by the Environment Agency during the superlative of the floods was the use of high-capacity pumps from Holland. These pumps can drain up to 7.3 million tonnes of water individually day out of the worst affected areas, into the River Sowey which then feeds into the River Parrett (CIWEM, 2014)(BBC News, 2014). The idea was to scavenge pressure on the River Tone, as the surrounding areas were completely underwater. This system was passing effective at reducing water levels, however it unfortunately resulted in the displacement of water to other areas. This concluded in the areas, which previously were less affected, now being at a potential risk of flooding which caus ed a disposition in government.The government had been heavily criticised by the media, organisations and local anaesthetic residents for not acting sooner. The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) had warned the government that cuts to annual flood risk management had left a hollow in financial investment in flood management across the UK, and in particular, Somerset (Hartwell-Naguib and Roberts, 2014). The Environment Agency also commented that the 10-15% cut in funding could overshadow the Somerset Levels as its not seen as a main threat (Alex Marshall, 2014). Responding to these concerns, the government have recently proclaimed that a number of temporary flood defences and pumping sites will be make permanent by supporting farmers to manage flood risk better, to go through all impudent developments in the area have suitable drainpipe systems. (Department for Environment, 2014).In summary the flood management solutions that were used to alleviate the Somerset floods came in far too late. The Somerset Levels are prone for flooding, up to now only a small amount of preventative measures were put onward to protect those who were in potential danger. The dredging process has been the most popular form of flood management in the area, but due to its high cost and small effect on flood levels, it remains an issue as to whether it can continue as the main preventative system. A more permanent solution will need to be put forward that is both financially economic and suitable for the area, to ensure both residents and farmland are better protected.ReferencesEnvironment Agency. (2014).Dredging and Flood Risk.Available www.ourcityourriver.co.uk/downloads/Dredging Leaflet.pdf. Last accessed 07/12/2014.House of Commons. (2014).Winter Floods 2013/14.Available www.parliament.uk/briefing- document/SN06809.pdf. Accessed 06/12/2014.North Somerset Council. (2008).Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Level 1.Available https//www.n-somerset.gov.uk/Environment/Planning_policy_an d-research/researchandmonitoring/Documents/Level 1 study of North Somerset (pdf).pdf. Accessed 06/12/2014.Department for Environment. (2014).New action plan to protect Somerset from flooding.Available https//www.gov.uk/government/ intelligence activity/new-action-plan-to-protect-somerset-from-flooding. Accessed 30/11/2014.BBC. (2014).What are the Somerset Levels?.Available http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-26080597. Accessed 28/11/20.BBC. (2014).UK floods Somerset Levels Dutch pumps start work.Available http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-26167818. Accessed 25/11/2014.UK Marine. (n.d.).Dredging and governing body Suspended sediments and turbidity.Available http//www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/activities/ports/ph5_2_3.htm. Accessed 27/11/2014.Landis. (n.d.).Soilscapes.Available http//www.landis.org.uk/soilscapes/. Accessed 27/11/2014.Meteorological Office. (2014).MetOffice.Available http//www.metoffice.gov.uk/ humour/uk/interesting/2014-janwind. Accessed 22/11/2014.Hartw ell-Naguib, S Roberts, N. (2014).Winter Floods 2013/14.Available http//www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/briefing-papers/SN06809/winter-floods-201314. Accessed 24/11/2014.CIWEM. (2014).Floods and Dredging a reality check.Available http//www.ciwem.org/media/1035043/floods_and_dredging_-_a_reality_check.pdf. Accessed 26/11/2014.Alex Marshall. (2014).Environment Agency cuts living the surgeons knife.Available http//www.endsreport.com/41653/environment-agency-cuts-surviving-the-surgeons-knife. Accessed 29/11/2014.Guardian. (2014).Lord Smith EA staff slam 100 times more than any politician about flooding.Available http//www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/feb/10/lord-smith-ea-staff-know-100-times-more-on-flooding. Accessed 30/11/2014.PointersStructure your paragraphs One point per paragraph. retain the essay flow. Every paragraph should link to the following(a). Theoretically you should be able to read it backwards and itll make sense.Point make your point leaven g ive your evidenceExplain explain its relevanceLink- link to the next paragraphBe careful with abbreviations. You can abbreviate only after you have written it in full once with the abbreviation after i.e. United Kingdom (UK). Then later you can use UK.Be careful not to be too chatty, be formal Youre not talking to a friend.Dont add new points in your conclusion paragraph. This is a summary of what youve already discussed. Summarise support sure your referencing everything You cant just know something, you have to lift how you know it and who its from. Try to use credited references from research papers/articles, dont use Wikipedia or web pages, BBC news isnt great either.Write all numbers in long hand, i.e. one hundred not 100.Remember 10% of your mark is in presentation. How does your uni require your essays presented? Font. Format etc.

The Elements Of Violence In Macbeth English Literature Essay

The Elements Of force-out In Macbeth English Literature EssayWith elements homogeneous wars, assassinations, and murders, madness takes up a signifi great dealt part of Macbeth. At the early stage of Macbeth, the earreach is presented a battlefield scene where a bloody massager appears. Echoing such(prenominal) a unpeaceful and bloody image, the play ends with Macbeth being k poorlyed. Although karma is an Indian belief, lines like This even-handed justice / Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice / to our witness lips (Macbeth I.vii.10) reveal traits of karma in the Scottish play.1Karma centre that all telephone numberions clear consequences which will affect the doers of the actions at both(prenominal) prox time (Reichenbach 399). In this essay, I will argue that craze is non merely actions performed by the characters but the skeleton of plot and theme. For the sake of a clear analysis, I will first outline the concept of karma and karma of violence in Macbe th. Then I will conclude that the karmic notion of violence drives the development of plot and reflects honourable sound judgment.As suggested by Rajendra Prasad, the law of karma should be viewed as a retributive theory of morality (qtd. in Keown 331). Reichenbach overly noted that 1.Morally accountable actions which argon done out of desire for their fruits are subjected to karma 2.Some karmic effects are manifested at once or in this life, many in the next life 3.Karmic effect of actions can be roll up (qtd. in Keown 335). In this essay, Keowns desire on karma is taken the family relationship amidst karma and intention is indisputable volitional action alone can leave alone in karma sinning in ones tenderness without physical performance is achievable that same act whitethorn have different karma for different volume (Keown 336). Rebirth and karma beyond characters portrayed lives will not be discussed here. military force is not only a part of the play, but its ske leton. Karma, as stated, is cumulative and is resulted from moral and physical actions. In Macbeth, violence, with its karmic effect, breeds violence. In Act one, Macbeth is reported about acidulous Macdonwald open, unseames him from the nave to th chops, / and fixes his head upon battlements (I.ii.22-3)and is nothing a misgivingd of what himself didst make, / strange images of death (I.iii.97-8). This suggests his boisterous reputation and his capacity of bloody deeds in the future. Such a gallant and worthy achievement (I.ii.24), as a result, won him the title of Thane of Cawdor. It was past the realization of prophecy bred his ambition whose murder yet is but wondrous (I.iii.139). The word wondrous echoes with Banquos address to the witches I the name of truth, / Are ye fantastical or that indeed / which outwardly ye show?(I.iii.54-5), drawing parallel betwixt the witches and Macbeths fantastical thoughts which are not indeed outwardly he showed as well. With such murdero us thoughts, Macbeth, whose place is the nearest (I.iv.36) to Duncan betrays his own family blood and country to secure the throne. The karmic effect of this bloody throne is fear the fear on Banquos issue and Macduffs wing to England prompts him further violence and ultimate self-destruction. His bloody acts make returning were as tedious as go over (III.iv.140-1).Violence, therefore, breeds on-and-on violent deeds bank the end of the play.As Macbeth puts it, Things full-grown begun make strong themselves by ill (III.ii.55), such on-and-on violence increases intensity over time. After violence against Macdonwald, Macbeth killed Duncan in sleep. Sleep, under Shakespeares description, is cleared . . . that knits up the reveled sleeve of care . . . the great natures here and now course, chief nourisher in lifes feast (II.ii.34-8). The peaceful description of natures gift and Duncans empurpled position contrast with the murder, highlighting intensified violence. Although he is un settled by the deed, he soon recovers and exhibits a greater degree of violence. Without consulting his wife, Macbeth readily kills 2 innocent servants. Compared to the hesitation shown in Duncans murder, he becomes bolder. Violence, as a revenant role, performs an endless gyrate. Macbeth, with a mind full of scorpions (III.ii.36), then sends out collar men in total only to ensure Banquo and Fleances deaths. He becomes primed(p) to take a step further to kill the weaker gender and innocent children in Macduffs family. When Macduff receives the sad news, he asks about his children repeatedly and all my children?, My children withal?, What, all my pretty chickens and their dam / at one fell pounce? (IV.iii.211-8). Such responses reflect that people then perceived the act of cleanup innocent children as outrageously violent.The climax of on-and-on violence came when Macduff greets the King with Macbeths head, apothegm Behold, where stands / the usurpers cursed head. (V.viii.5 4-5), putting an end on the loop of violence in the play.This illustration of the intensifying loop of violence suggests karmic consequences of murderous thoughts. In the analysis of Shakespearean violence, Foakes suggests that the urge to violence is deeply embedded in the humane psyche, and creates recurring whatever political formations are dominant (Foakes 16). This viewpoint echoes with this karmic loop of violence. The serial publication of violent acts keeps driving the plot development. The karma begins with Macbeths sinning in his heart (Keown 336) with murderous thoughts. Had he stopped at any point of his violent murders, he would not have suffered the deadly karma. Karmic effects of Macbeths repetitive violence, as suggested, accumulated byout the play, causing the downfall of the soul and self-destruction. The karma of violence, therefore, extends the plot with series of consequences in Macbeth.In Macbeth, karma of violence is not only the consequences of behaviour. I t implicitly reflects veracious morality in violence. Contrasting conventional idea, violence does not needs imply self-aggrandizing karma. Traditional Christian belief generally subscribes to the idea of Thou shalt not kill. However, under karma, same act may have different consequences for different people.At the beginning of the play, Duncan ordered the execution of Thane of Cawdor. This act of violence, justified by the traitors betrayal, did not result in a bad karma. Duncan, despite his death, enjoys the peace of mind of which Macbeth is deprived. Although Banquos violent behaviours are not plainly described, interview can understand that Banquo, as a warrior, is capable of violence. His acts of violence, however, are justified by his selfless patriotism. In the play, Shakespeare uses Banquo as a moral contrast against Macbeth. They are of similar background, official rank and power at the beginning of Macbeth they both face the tempting prophecy. However, Banquo endeavour s to keep his bosom franchised and faithfulness clear (II.i.26-7) while Macbeth jumps the life to come to commit murders (I.vii.7). The accompaniment that Banquo succeeds in upholding morality in the same temptation suggests that Macbeths tragic ending is not a result of fatalism, but karma out of volitional actions. Karma is hugely establish on ethical consideration and moral accountability. With moral actions, Banquos family line is beatified with good karma, contrasting Macbeths violence-induced fatal karma. Macduff, who performed the visually bloodiest violence by cutting and displaying Macbeths head, is also exempted from bad karma.2Since Macbeth has no children of his own, it is unlikely that Macduffs bloody deed would recruit another loop of violence against himself. It is reasonable to suggest that, Macduffs violent action, as a karma on Macbeth, is justified by its good intention of speech Scotland from the tyranny.The above examples of karma contrast against the deadl y karma on Macbeth and skirt Macbeth. In Macbeths case, he performs all the violence based on his desire for power and the fear in securing it. Accordingly, he is subjected to karmic effects, which mostly take the form of internal struggles. stall concluded that, all three murders towards Duncan, Banquo and Macduffs family are followed immediately by scenes of low and self-tortures (Booth 31). After Duncans murder, every noise appals Macbeth and he hears ominous voices threatening that he could no longer sleep with peace (II.ii.56). Although Macbeth does not show explicit guilt after Banquos death, his sub- conscience tortures him. He is startled by the image of Banquos apparition despite his self-regard as a fearless man. Macbeths soul becomes dig after murdering Macduffs family. He pessimistically believes that his way of life / is falln into the sere, the yellow leaf, / and that which should construe with old age, / as honor, love, obedience, troops of friends, / he must not look to have.(V.iii.22-6). Ironically, Macbeth has traded his soul, friends, honour for a fruitless crown and a lifeless life. He is caught in a tragedy of his own making. In this way, the karma on Macbeth manifests as his internal struggles. condescension sympathy towards Macbeth, Macbeths selfishness, betrayal and violence deserve his own deadly and violent karma. As suggested by the Bible, For the wages of sin is death (Roman 5 23). Therefore, tending(p) his murderous deeds, his death has to be brutally violent for moral justification. Macbeths tragic death implies that Shakespeare has acknowledged the immorality of Macbeths violent deeds.Lady Macbeth, similarly, has to pay a price for pouring her spirit in Macbeths ear, / and chastises with the valour of her tongue (I.v.24-5) Ribner commented thatThe relationship between Macbeth and his wife steadily deteriorates . . . . The force of evil severs Macbeth from the rest of universe it breaks also the bond which ties him to his wife. He lives more and more closely with his own fears into which she cannot intrude . . . . No longer does he confide in her. (Ribner 164)Considering Lady Macbeths admiration to Macbeth and her devotion to help him get the throne, psychological interval between the couple is unbearable to Lady Macbeth. It is reasonable to deduce that this psychological separation may explain her mental breakdown and loss of masculinity displayed before. The fact that the seemingly evil Lady Macbeth is also subjected to karmic condemnation from her own conscience may signifies her humanness, but more importantly, the deadly karma is to impose moral judgement on her behaviours.Karma of a particular behaviour reflects its moral nature and judgement. In Macbeth, not all violent deeds result in bad karma. Considering the play is set in a political disturbed plosive consonant in which Scotland was first traumatized by traitors and then Macbeth the Tyrant, violence, to a certain extent, was a norm in t hat era. The fact that Scotland restores her order through violence against Macbeth suggests that some violence is morally right. These characters who perform violence for morally right reasons can be exempted from bad karma. Karma, in Buddhist belief, is controlled by a arbitrary Being. Shakespeare, as a Supreme Being of this play, reflects judgements towards the characters behaviours with different karmas resulted. Karma on violence, therefore, gives the audience some ideas on the morality of violence.Violence is the linking element that drives plot development. It is through the recurring nature of karma that violence in Macbeth trammels up the consequence (I.vii.3) of Macbeths self-destruction. By designing different karmic effects, Shakespeare explores the good and evil of violence. Although sympathy towards human flaws may be valued, it is necessary to have deadly karma for ill-intended murders committed. Violence, therefore, is not merely a part of the plot. It is the drivin g force of the plot and a subtle exploration on morality of violence.

Global Response to Failed States

Global Response to Failed StatesIntroductionAccording to Max Weber, a innovational work sate is an institution claiming a monopoly of received use of sensible push back in enforcing its order inwardly a given stain (Garner, Robert, cock Ferdinand, and Stephanie Lawson, 2009, 27). Therefore, a evidence, in broad terms, is an entity that bum support itself d hotshot the use of genuineness to enforce its rule and to provide its creation with the adequate to(predicate) guinea pig goods. base on the definition of a strong secern, a wispy or failed communalwealth is a semipolitical being that, within the scope of trans internal governance, supplies the separate with both(prenominal) sc be qualities and quantities of political public goods and simultaneously, no longer has abundant tame e preciseplace military group within their given boundaries. Failed states cannot provide basic sets or makes much(prenominal) as education, gage, or governance. (Helman and Ratner, 1992) Often this adversity to provide the institutions is caused by violence or poverty in certain aras of the state. These structur onlyy and politically fragile institutions of regimen can cause internal and external problems. Internally, these governments are so weak or inefficacious that they earn little or no rule over the bulk of their territories as well as the lack of preparedness of public goods, leading to civil wars, rebellions, and full on warfare among dissipate factions within the state. Internationally, these areas can be both the cause and result of widespread corruption and criminality, refugees and involuntary front of populations, sharp stinting decline, and the potential of national security problems through the threat of terrorists and external criminals. However, the external threats not however come from the state but from orthogonalrs as well. Occasionally, groups like the United Nations or a bordering state step into intervene and stop a happening in the devising (Langford, 1999). Although the intent is not to harm the states, these international caters can also be the cause of the problem. This paper explores the reasons that current responses are ineffective and how worldwide plys could better respond to failed states in that it is far better for them to be created into a non-state society rather than throw them do a state that is sustained by international intervention alone. The existing response of international super functions to the issue of failed states is establish on an assumption that the state in inquiry was once actually a state, and can become a functioning entity again. inwardly the spectrum of the validity of these states comes the question of sovereignty. Even strong states face challenges from international and inside of their borders, but these failed states have no sovereignty whatsoever because they cannot control their capacity or autonomy. Their authority is questioned and they re quire support to remain serviceable and it comes to question whether the states actually had several(prenominal)(prenominal) sovereignty to begin with. Due to this, the fire of international world powers to trans excogitate the failed state back into a palmy state through use of international re reference points and efforts with the assumption that they pass on be able to function without international support is a meager reproduction to the problem.LegitimacyThe level of a failed state is measured by the completion to which the states are susceptible to any form of challenges to its legitimacy, whether internal or external. Based on shared knowledge of values that define a state, legitimacy is the acknowledgment that a state has, or is assumed to have, a right to rule whether legally or morally. In history, a state existed was considered legitimate if it existed. Because of this definition, most states met the traditional requirements of statehood. As said by Weber, the for emost characteristics of a state was having the capacity to act internationally and to maintain a monopoly of force within their territories, but it was not limited to in force(p) that. A state was also to have defined borders, a government, and a lasting population. Although these are the criteria required to have statehood, most states gain their independence without one or much of these principles. These states are still recognized by the global comm genius of interests as state actors even though they could not fully use up the requirements that were set before them, including a percentage of their population disregarding both authority and legitimacy of the state itself. The state was presumed to be the only authority, condescension whether or not the bulk believed it to be legitimate. Simply put, the assumption of legitimacy applied to all states by the fact that all states documented by the United Nations were believed to be legitimate.These fragile states have contrib uted to an incredibly dispersed world. In this world, struggles and violence are key players. Discourse has created chances for states that are more mesomorphic to press the power held within their region. It is possible that the power stretches even push and these hegemonic states begin to exploit the weak states in order to form in the raw types of coalitions, partnerships, and connections between different actors, both state and non-state, as well as a plethora of problematic challenges which they must struggle to fight for their future. reasonable as discourse creates chances, absent or declining legitimacy also creates causes for problems. erst the legitimacy of a state has been called into question, in that location is a rush for groups, chokements, and oppositewise state entities to fight over which group will fill the void. In order to take control of the state and undermine its legitimacy, these state entities handle their power in both violent and nonviolent moda l values. In the majority of fragile states in the modern world, these battles are being lost to other actors because the weakened governments do not have the power to provide the security and core functions that the other actors can readily provide (Krasner, Stephen D., and Carlos Pascual, 2005). Once these states have entered into this conflict, the protections services within the state, such as those serving to keep the peace, have either stopped operating or have ceased to exist altogether. In other cases however, these services are being utilized for actions that they were never intend to be used for (Rotberg, 2002).Global ResponsesThese efforts to remanufacture the failed states are clearly make on political and economical views of the Western superpowers. The two inborn areas of failed states, according to the identical group, are the failure to provide political goods and the incap great power to meet the speak out economic essentials of the multitude. These hegemons seek so to shape and improve the states institutional capacity to respond to failure. The economic factors of retraceing failed states place an violence on this capacity to name certain institutions, but the aims are tout ensemble different and come from a separate perspective. While political attempts to rebuild states focuses on strengthening state institutions such as the government, peacekeeping forces, the define of rule of constabulary, and the provision of security, the economic efforts try to diminish the government power by releasing the economy and freeing the market services. In general, the measures suggested by the groups involved in the attempts to end state fragility or failures parti-color in range that it compiles a rather large disceptation of things to be done. The tasks center around economic, political, and security based things. However, the problem is that this task list runs off the assumption that these failed states can actually be related by rebu ilding them. The state in an isolated environment, as decided by Western indemnity makers and scholars, is the root of the problem. However, they also see it as the source to solve the problem. But the error with the opinion of the West is that it overlooks the issues of interdependence as well as any political or economic interactions (Garner, Robert, Peter Ferdinand, and Stephanie Lawson, 2009, 432). Systematic efforts have been lacking to study state fragility and failure in terms of interconnections and linkages between the West and these failed states. What drives the state building ferment in these areas is the occupying power and their political ideologies, values, economic interests and strategic perceptions. These are based on defective calculations and wrong policy priorities.Alternative MethodsSeveral policy recommendations could come in handy when dealing with these problems. First, instead of focusing on state building along the Western lines, there should be a develo pment of nation building. The idea of national identity is not just feeling making the population feel like citizens. It requires the involvement of all the separate things that make up society such as ethnical background, cultural tradition, and the different types of social or political views. All of these things need to be integrated into the society because they are the factors that make up the citizenry who actually make the nation. In times when there is no unity in a failed state, it is hard to feel like an actual citizen, therefore there is no desire for the state to become normal again. In the throes of the clashes between the groups who feel alienated, state institutions cant continue developing. These groups, in spite of the fact that the institutions are meant to improve the political and economic functions and production of goods, will eventually reject the institutions because they do not do anything for the general population because their development has ceased. An y efforts to actually rebuild the nation into any form of functionality is clearly lacking due to the internal absence of unity (King, Gary, and Langche Zeng, 2001). salutary as important is the basis for the need of a domestic economic base for the failed states. There should be a change in the way the economy works, instead of laboring for political points, there should be a push for the creation of a stable base for the economy. The current strategy, although provision enough money to certain areas, such as the social and economic bases, is ineffective. The majority of the money that is donated goes to the already urban areas, instead of the rural places where it is inevitable most. Some of the funding skips the government completely, leaving it nonfunctional, and goes straight to the elites, giving more room for their power to grow. The goal is to ensure that the state, without the help of any international powers, is able to grow and function on its own, at least economically . Without this, there is no way for the state to function.A move towards understanding the grow of the conflicts and the different situations they are based in as well as an attempt at communication between the opposing groups is also imperative. So far, there have been no movements to actually understand the issues that have formed in the failed states. There should be a large push for any occupying power as well as any entity funding the state to figure out the roots of conflict. Things that need to be addressed are simple why does this conflict continue in such a manner, why do the parties involved in the conflict have such different goals, and what incentive could be used in order to bring them together to compromise on a way to end the uninterrupted warfare. This has been lacking get on has been lacking and some of the policies placed by the occupying power exclude certain opposing parties and it exacerbates the conflicts instead of resolving them.At one point in time, a sta te could not be questioned on its authority, even with a temporary loss of power and authority over its territory. It was a theory accompanied by the practice of protection from violence if a state could no longer function correctly. This was international law. However, the people wanted the right to self-governance, as the basis for involvement within the global community, and it was pleaded for. This global community, or similar organization posing under the same name, understands the call for human rights. The right to govern themselves would ultimately allow the states to take part in their own internal affairs. They would be protected against any extraneous attacks from conquering entities, all for the sake of restoring the authority that was required by the state for a proper functioning of international ruling. Although the state has seen such as such has seen its presence justified, the issue of what methods can be used to revive the states at such levels remains to be ans wered. Because the causes of the problem are slackly internal in the root of the problem, it would only be proper that the very same internal services would provide assistance in the convalescence process.There have been attempts, using their own practices, by the population of these failed states to build their state back over a course of time. In this manner, the voices of the people and the will of the state has the potential to rally behind a movement around various points for different purposes, such as education, local government, transportation, agriculture, or other methods and organizations, both public and private, which gives the people cause to move toward the common motivations which would further the cause of reconstructions. Equally, incomplete arrangements could also serve as a drive for enthusiasm in the creation of an inclusive public fragment and institutions which serve to represent the people. In the long term, this would then allow the government, as a lone entity, to regain the legitimacy that is required of it.The things that need to be realized are two things which are essential for the formation of a legitimate state. This state, although based on tolerance, encouraged by principle, and coupled with the ability to peacefully cooperate, has to enable the people to be within a political setting as well as maintain their sense of national identity. The two things, which are the combined efforts and remedies which allow human coexistence and the will to become a state bound by unity, must be achieved. The outside influences, such as global entities with different institutions, can only move to help the formation of self-improvement.ConclusionWhen considering the problem of failed states, it has become evident that to some powers and viewpoints, they are happenings that are to insignificant in the scheme of things to be considered important. Within the realm of these occurrences of failed states, it is difficult to place them into the c ategory of legal ideology because it forms essential challenges. These challenges are placed to against law, both international and constitutional. Furthermore, the inquiry that needs to be asked is whether these instances of the failing of states, however infrequent they may appear, are actually the untainted beginnings of a much more intricate threat posed towards civil society as it is known. Since there is potential for the destruction and dismemberment of law and order within these politically based civilizations, the question of whether such aggressiveness is considered to be basic human nature is called into play.The initial global responses approach the states with an attempt at equalizing the states strength as well as the power held. This is something that is incredibly generalized and is a factor in including states within the classification that is a failed state. It infers a certain dependence on the power of politics as well as a certain weakness that is permanent a nd cannot be changed. This theory, although efficient, give signs and examples without actually giving them any meaning whatsoever, making it incomparable to the weaker states within the area due to the vagueness of the actual meaning.

Preparation for Sunday Service

Preparation for sunshine ServiceComp unrivallednt 1 pen Assignment (1,500 words)List principal structural elements (the Ordo) of a main Sunday service such as you normally attend, stating briefly how you visualize from each maven element (or grouping of elements) contri exclusivelyes to the venerate as a whole. Indicate, with self-aw atomic number 18ness, how you would yourself want to draw near leading such a service.Introduction ContextThe service that ordain be discussed for this assignment was an 8.30am Eucharist Service using Order wiz from the Common Worship (CW) book and Eucharist Prayer E. On this token Sunday, in that respect were 21 shares in the throng including the non-Christian priest. There was a dressed to kill(p) choir (4 members) and sings were sung from expel Anglican Hymns Old and New come with by an organ. The whole convocation sat in the choir stalls in the Chancel. Each member of the congregation followed the service in the CW book.This perfor m is situated in a village approximately 12 miles from Cambridge city centre with a population of 1,015.1 56% of this population would refer to themselves a Christians. The largest age demographic in the parish is 16-65 years old.2Service StructureThe social system of the service followed the liturgy as prescribed in CW with the particular collects and supplications for the deuce-ace Sunday of Lent.2.1 The pull iningThe second greeting suppliantA sing was sungThe prayer of preparationA judgment of convictional invitation to confession indorsement confessional prayerAbsolutionCollect for the threesome Sunday of Lent2.2 The sacrament of the Eucharist of the WordOld Testament passage look at by the perform WardenNew Testament passage read by a member of the congregationHymnCongregation remain standing later on the hymn for the Gospel Reading read by a member of the congregationSermonThe Creed congregation stand and face the alter hymeneals Banns read by the PriestPrayers of intercession led by a member of the congregation2.3 sacrament of the Eucharist of the ceremonyThe Peace was shared with those mostHymn was sung during the preparation of the table. The collection was also taken at this point.Eucharist prayer E was then used with the extended antecede From Ash Wednesday until the Saturday after the Fourth Sunday of LentThe whole of this prayer was utter with people joining in the dialogue, Sanctus and Benedictus without needing to refer to the book.The maestros Prayer tralatitious versionBreaking of the breadThe first prayer earlier the dispersion saidCongregation go to the alter rail to receive manduction hosts and one chalice of wineThe second prayer after colloquy said2.4 The DismissalA hymn was sungBlessing for the third Sunday of LentThe dismissalContri entirelyion to WorshipThe GatheringThe Gathering to morality are important as they draw the congregation and electric chair into relationship to a point to participate in the c rop of devotionping immortal.3The Prayers of contriteness came at heart the gathering I personally prefer it to come in this section as you are able to come and ask for kindness and idolization divinity knowing that you are forgiven and then celebrating matinee idols goodness of mildness and grace. In this service, there could be an argument that the Prayers of Penitence could come after the Bible readings and harangue. The lectionary reading was nigh the woman at the intimately and if your sermon was a focus on forgiveness then the Prayers of Penitence could make out as a response to the message received.The collect is a prayer that links with the Sunday and not with the scripture readings. This can add to the worship in a fashion that allows the congregation to focus on the season which idol is currently working by. It should also be a way of getting the congregation to contemplate how the season affects their spirituality. With the collects, main aim to gather al l of the prayers in the Gathering section into one and drawing ourselves impending to God and one another.4The Liturgy of the WordThe next two sections of the worship service, the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Sacrament, need to be balance guardedly because they both hold significant value of equal weighting.A appoint element of this section of the worship service is hearing the Word of God through scripture. My personal view is that we need to remember that worship is a two-way communication us with God but also God with us. By following the lectionary we get a journey through scripture. The sermon element of the Liturgy of the Word can take m either dissimilar forms but ultimately should be an fortune for the congregation to engage with book of account as an individual and allow God to speak into their lives through it.5The creed and prayers of intercession are an opportunity for the congregation to respond to the Word of God through prayer. The come of worshi p in the eon of prayer is an opportunity to give thanks and praise to God for what we shake off heard but also should be an opportunity to allow the Word to speak into the needs of the lodge by lifting them beforehand God.6The Liturgy of the SacramentIn the Liturgy of the Word Christ is heard where as in the Liturgy of the Sacrament the elements are not only seen and touched but smelt and tasted.7 This act of worship is multisensory and can allow the congregant to worship God through more(prenominal) than just sight and sound.Prayer E is a simple annals style which is like that of Prayer D. The images used in the prayer are more vivid and concrete than those used in other prayers. This set up of prayers also allows for extended prefaces for the various seasons. The language used through the foot narrative and the extended prefaces allows for worship to take on a visual element using imagination.The worship of receiving the bread and wine should encourage the congregant tha t through the blessed Spirits power there is a strengthening.8The DismissalThe clemency and the dismissal at the end of the service concludes the act of worship but should encourage the congregation to continue to worship God when leaving the church building service building. By the Priest saying Go in peace is about the act of carrying the presence of God out of church and into the world. In the similar way that we ware been reconciled with God through our act of worship in church we should be helping the world to reconcile with God and with each other through living in peace with one another.9ReflectionsThe flow of the service was good and allowed people to engage with the various elements. The church was warm and welcoming which does allow people to feel comfortable within the act of worship.The questions that I was left with about the service wereDoes the congregation understand what it meant for the Third Sunday of Lent and how this structured the worship? And in address how did this help, or not help, them to worship?How much of the liturgy is just read but without a conscience response? How do we engage our congregations to be active worshipers and not passively getting through to the end?I thought that the intercessory prayers, which were led by a member of the congregation, were in truth well structured. They linked the Bible passage of the woman at the well, the sermon, and the needs of the community and world together. They were led in a way that felt very much that they were being prayed with the congregation instead of just being prayed to the congregation who are merely observers in the act of prayer. I asked the Vicar if there had been any training on the writing and delivery of the prayers for those who do them he said that there had been a short teaching session one eve on writing the prayers.Conclusion How would I lead?Overall I felt that the service was well structured with a good meld of lay participation which I feel is an importan t aspect to worship as it allows all the congregation to participate and does not segregate the Priest making a them and us feel to the community.The significant adaptation I would make to the service would be the use of quieten. I felt that there was not enough time to reflect upon the various elements of worship before moving onto the next part. The specific areas that I would include longer elements of silence would beAfter each of the Bible readings. The first two readings went one straight after the other but it would have been good to have encouraged people to spend a minute contemplating the reading.After the sermon. For a similar reason for keeping silence after the Bible readings. Having time to reflect on what the sermon was about and how you might want to act upon it in the week ahead.After the congregation have received communion. The organist play an appropriate piece of music while people were receiving and allowed people time to reflect during this time. I felt that once the music had finished and before the post communion prayer a time of silence would have been beneficial.Word count 1537BibliographyBeach, Mark, Holy Communion (London Church House Pub., 2000) nose count Maps Cambridgeshire Insight, Cambridgeshireinsight.Org.Uk, 2017 accessed 19 March 2017Common Worship, 1st edn (London Church House Pub., 2000)Complete Anglican Hymns Old New (Stowmarket, Suffolk Kevin Mayhew, 2000)Davison, Andrew, why Sacraments?, 1st edn (London SPCK, 2013)De Lange, Anna, How To Engage With playscript (Cambridge, U.K. Grove Books, 2011)Go In Peace To Love And Serve The Lord Meaning, Lords-Prayer-Words.Com, 2017 accessed 20 March 2017Parish Spotlight, 2017 accessed 19 March 20171 Census Maps Cambridgeshire Insight, Cambridgeshireinsight.Org.Uk, 20172 Parish Spotlight, 20173 Mark Beach, Holy Communion, p.364 Mark Beach, Holy Communion, p.415 Anna De Lange, How To Engage With Scripture, p.56 Mark Beach, Holy Communion, p.557 Andrew Davison, Why Sacraments ?, p.458 Andrew Davidson, Why Sacraments?, p.449 Go In Peace To Love And Serve The Lord Meaning, 2017

Principle of Separate Legal Personality

pattern of erupt sound PersonalityPrinciple of Separate level-headed PersonalitySeparate Legal Personality belief developed in crashy Law, relating to the well-grounded status in the midst of a Company trammel by Shares and its owners. The Principle was inaugural accepted in Salomon v Salomon, a landmark mooring which is often considered to hold in complete one of the near important principles within Company Law A Company is a distinct legal personality from that of its owners. Because of this Separate Legal Personality is also known as the Salomon Principle.The infract entity doctrine (that the family is an entity recite to its shareholders) established very early in Salomons case (Salomon v Salomon Co 1897 AC 22).Each regular separate has a legal philosophyful individuation, importance it holds justs, commitments and obligations. At the point when a Company is consolidated, that is enrolled in the Companies Office and step upd with a Certificate of Incorpora tion it excessively has a legitimise identity. However a Company cant work alone alone, pleasurable human intercession to direct art for its sake. The guidepost of Separate Legal Personality builds that a Company has lawful rights and commitments that are unique and separate from its split (holders/shareholders). More everywhere the benefits and obligations of a Company Limited by Shares vex a place solely to the Company and its parts cant be sought after as by and by obligated for the activities of the Company. This particle of the Company from its parts is known as the Veil of Incorporation.ExampleThe guideline of Separate Legal Entity can been seen in play in the tardily Irish case Quigley Meats. The Plaintiffs for this situation (the Quigleys) supplied the Defendants with meat produce for their restaurant. The Quigleys were of the feeling that they were managing the Defendants by and by, however instalments for produce were constantly made to the Quigleys from a Company account. The Defendants got into nearly money related trouble and quit paying the Quigleys for the produce. The Quigleys hence chosen to seek after the Defendants through the Courts for the unpaid bills. The Court at first found for the Quigleys requesting the Defendants to pay the obligation of 26,000. However the respondents advanced contending that they couldnt be nonice by and by at risk as the obligation was for their Company to pay. The High Court concurred with the Defendants because when they did pay the Quigleys they had paid with checks which had the Companys anticipate printed on them, in this manner they should render realized that they were managing a restricted obligation system and non people. (Quigley Meats Ltd v. Hurley 2011 IEHC 192)Piercing the incorporate of VeilThe lodestar of formation law has remained the honesty of the polar identity of the brass instrument the integrated cloak efficacy be emanationed in the most compelling of helping. The result is an absence of clarity in the exact lawful privileges of the shareholders and their connection with the governing body.When to thieveThe case law has showed that the court of middlingice of laws are by and large hesitant to lift the corporate mantle. Yet, the points of confinement of a periodic choice of a court to lift the corporate shroud is not closed. It is, hence, hard to foresee the circumstances in which the courts will puncture the corporate shroud, and there is by all accounts an inclination to rehash the wheel each one time it is contended.Courts stick out approached blot issuepiercing cases in an ad hoc manner with underlying constitution considerations in caput. As Rogers AJA confirmed in BriggsvthrongHardieCoPtyLtdThe threshold problem arises from the particular that there is no common, unifying principle, which underlies the occasional decision of courts to pierce the corporate veil. Although an ad hoc explanation whitethorn be offered by a court w hich so decides, there is no principled approach to be derived from the government(Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd Ors (1989) 16 NSWLR 549 at 567)When deciding to throw out the separate legal personality principle Jenkinson-J, in DennisWilcoxPtyLtdv federalCommissionerofTaxation, stated that a court should do so, just if they can see that there is, in fact or in law, a league between companies in a group, or that there is a mere imitation or faade in which that company is playing a role, or that the design or use of the company was designed to enable legal or fiduciary obligations to be evaded or a fraud to be perpetrated(Dennis Wilcox Pty Limited v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1988) 79 ALR 267)FraudThe corporate veil may be lifted where there has been an extortion or former(a) blunting of the law. The extortion and sham contention alludes to the utilization of a partnership by the restrainer to avoid a lawful or defender commitment, where the company is utilize as an issue to finish off genuine commitments.As the Full Federal Court historied in Donnelly-v-Edelsten the contention of fraud is, obviously round closely. It can just succeed if the contention of sham succeeds. On the off chance that an giving medication is a sham or veneer then it has fused only to mask the truth of its operations or devisal commitments. (Donnelly v Edelsten (1994) 13 ACSR 196 at 256)To penetrate the corporate shroud for misrepresentation, the nerve must have the plan to utilize the corporate structure as a part of such a route as to deny the offended company some for every current lawful right. All the more particularly, the scheme is consequently used in a way to evade a lawful commitment. To be stimulate, it is for the most part reasonable to structure agreements to dodge a future risk, for instance in a hazardous demarcation wander that may come up short, however courts may not permit an organization to be structured to abstain from performing a curre nt legitimate obligation.In any case, such contentions can be scrutinized for dismissing the different element guideline. Concerning a sham enterprise, Windeyer J has held if an organization is appropriately united and enlisted under the Corporations Act and the best possible records are unbroken in due structure and the recommended returns made, it keeps on existing as an issue affectionateness. In that sense it is a reality and not a sham. (Peate v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1964) 111 CLR 443 at 480)Group EnterpriseAny singularity from the banner of independent corporate identity is prone to be joined by a recession of strained corporate obligation. This is, maybe, most clear in a corporate gathering structure.The gathering endeavour underseal incorporates circumstances in which a corporate gathering is acting in such a way as to make every individual substance vague and, consequently, the corporate cloak is lifted to treat the guardian organization as subject for t he demonstrations of the auxiliary. Figures that show that two or more organizations were occupied with a gathering venture imply ( Ramsay, I. Piercing the Corporate Veil in Australia (2001) 19 CSLJ 250 at 257)There is an element of partnership or group accounting presentObvious influence of hold in extending from the top of the corporate structureThe extent to which the companies were thought to be move in a common enterprise with mutual advantagesThe relationship between the two companies is that of parent and subsidiaryoverlapping directors, officers, and employees,One company in the structure acts as agent for the controlling entity andThere is an element of sham or facade present, that is, the corporate structure is used to evade legal or fiduciary obligations.As Rogers AJA affirmed in Briggs-v-James-Hardin--Co-Pt-Limited--Ors the recommendations that the corporate shroud may be penetrated where one organization activities complete command and control over an alternate is altogether excessively short-sighted. Rogers AJA went ahead to perceive that it is a stock reality that a guardian organization as a rule does activity complete control over a backup, subsequently, uncovering the inborn blemish of a strict application of the different substance standard to corporate gathering. (BriggsvJamesHardieCoPtyLimitedOrs (1989) 16 NSWLR 549)Commits a TortIn fire of the fact that the courts have been more slanted to penetrate the corporate cover in contract claims, there are signs that courts are readied to lift the corporate cloak and make a guardian organization subject in connection to torts submitted by a gathering organization which includes(a)Cases of agency, partnership or trust between the subsidiary and parent company Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549 Spreag v Paeson Pty Ltd (1990) 94 ALR 674(b)attribution of direct liability by reason of the parent company and subsidiary both owing a duty of care to the tort claimant according to the limiting tests of reasonable foreseeability and proximity, in the main demonstrable by a level of actual control over day-to-day operations of the subsidiary (CSR Ltd V Wren (1998) Aust Tort repp 81-461) akin to the subsidiary being a mere faade (James Hardie Co Ltd v Hall (1998) 43 NSWLR 554 at 579-584)Effects of Corporate Separate PersonalityTransferable SharesThe way that an organization is lawfully separate from its parts encourages the exchange of shares. The issue of shares is viewed as an issue method for raising gravid for the organization (albeit miniaturer brokers are regularly pulled in by the sentiment of fuse just as an issue to ensure themselves from potential count little obligation). The trading of shares on the open market additionally prompts straightforwardness since it goes about as an impetus for administration to lead the business in a sensible way. This straightforwardness empowers more prominent investigation by pariahs of the organizations und ertakings and diminishes the opportunity for deceitful conduct, along these lines enhancing the attractiveness of the shares. It additionally implies that financial specialists have the capacitor get the imperative data they take in keeping in mind the end goal to assess the organization before entering into business exchanges. From the organizations perspective, on the other hand, this straightforwardness can regularly prompt divulgement of data that they would have liked to withhold and place them in a more helpless position with contenders.Ownership of PropertyWhere an organization holds property in its name, this has a place singularly the organization and the shareholders have no restrictive rights (other than for the estimation of the shares they hold). This gives shareholders and workers more security than if a chief obdurate to leave his position and had the expertness authorize a deal and cleavage of any organization property or resources he possessed. This position and so makes the shareholders ventures more appealing and secure. Notwithstanding, this may be to the impediment of a merchant who possessed the organization property before joining yet pretermit to accordingly dole out the protection approaches to the organization. This was delineated in Macaura v Northern Assurance Co wherein Mr Macaura had protected timber under his name and this was then decimated by a blaze. The insurance agency declined to pay out on Mr Macauras case, expressing that he had no insurable enthusiasm toward the timber as it was claimed by the organization. In the same way, a guardian organization does not have an insurable enthusiasm toward its auxiliary organizations, even where they are on the whole possessed by it.Distinct legal identityA standout amongst the most noteworthy impacts of corporate separate identity is that the organization expect a different character from that of its parts. Regardless of the fact that an organization is possessed by and la rge by one shareholder, the organization has a totally separate identity from that single person. This is affirmed by the main instance of Salomon v A. Salomon Co Ltd in which the House of Lords held that the organizations demonstrations were its demonstrations, not those of Mr Salomon by and by. As an issue, Mr Salomon was not generally subject for his organizations obligations. It is important, then again, that the Court did perceive that there would be circumstances in which they would be arranged to move far from that standard and lift the cover of fuse and discover people subject where they had acted insincerely, dishonestly or irrationally.Limited LiabilityBecause of the way that the organization is a different lawful individual, it takes after that its parts routine for the most part be subject for its obligations and commitments. This gives the shareholders an extraordinary level of security, since it implies that they find themselves able to benefit from the accomplishme nts of the organization whilst being protected in the information that their individual risk is constrained to the estimation of the shares they have obtained. On the other hand it ought to be noted that those parts who take part in the administration of the organization wont essentially be secured from individual obligation. Also, the idea of restricted risk may not be alluring to potential loan bosses who may require extra security for their credit.Ability to sue and liability of be suedThe firsthand advantage to brokers of joining is the idea of restricted obligation on the other hand, this can demonstrate to the impairment of outsider lenders who enter into exchanges with the organization. Whilst the leasers will have the capacity to sue the organization itself, they will most likely be unable to recoup their cash if the organization is wiped out. It ought to be noted additionally that an organization has the capacity sue its debt holders for non-instalment. So it is a lawful p erson that can both sue and be sued.Problem with the Salomon PrincipleThe focal issue with the Salomon rule is a moral one. It is the backwards of the second advantage, talked about instantly above, when seen from the viewpoint of individuals managing the organization from the outside. In the event that Aron Salomons property is secured, then individuals managing the organization have just got the organizations own particular resources accessible to them if the organization goes into indebtedness.This implies that an ambitious person in the position of Aron Salomon may give less mind and regard for the need to arrange genuinely and reasonably with outsiders on the grounds that the business visionary confronts no extraordinary individual riskiness of misfortune, past injured pride and the trust of a beneficial business (aside from what is said beneath in regards to fake exchanging). Thus, different shareholders in an organization bear no individual danger of misfortune if the organi zation falls flat in light of the fact that the constrained risk which is allowed by our organization law by definition confines their individual liabilities. When we include the greater part of this together, we land at a position whereby the whole economy is inhabited by organizations whose shareholders and administration bear a minimum immediate moral obligation or misfortune if those organizations ought to fall flat. The morality of that economy get to be faulty if nobody confronts the danger of open finished, individual misfortune.ConclusionThe impacts of corporate separate identity are expansive. An organization is viewed as an issue element in its own particular right and, in that capacity, its parts have constrained obligation for its obligations and commitments. The organization has the capacity own property in its own particular name and issue shares to raise capital. It has the capacity sue debt holders and likewise be sued by its leaders. At long last, a central norma l for corporate separate identity is that of interminable progression, which brings about a continuation of the organizations presence paying little respect to its parts.

Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Controversy between specie and Loveas shown in The Rocking-Horse Winner The Rocking-Horse Winner is couched in the symbols of the antediluvian patriarch myths. The spawn is poor, unsatisfied fairy princess who yearns for happiness Paul is the gallant gymnastic horse on horse-back who rides to her rescue (Junkins 261). The mythical aspect of the written report is evident in the style and symbols. In the opening lines, the head start seven expressions take away a fable-like quality reminiscent of any number of fairy princess tales, only the word advantages locates us in the atmosphere of the modern world, so does the word luck (Junkins 261). The r all(prenominal) of the symbolism is overwhelming, in nigh sense the story is about its literal, narrative level the life of the family that chooses money instead of some more stable value, takes money as its nexus of affection. The first fault lay with the mother (Snodgrass 117).There was a beautiful cleaning woman who started wit h all the advantages, yet she had no luck. She married for love, and the love turned to dust. She had decorous children, yet she felt they had been thrust upon her, and she could not love them (Lawrence 1). The story continues to rank us of Hester, who is unable to love her children and is obsessed with money. Only she herself knew that at the gist of her heart was a hard little place that could not smell love, no, not for anybody.(Lawrence 1) There were many problems in the household, one of which was a insufficiency of love from the mother. As Lawrence wrote Only she herself and her children themselves, knew it was not so. They read it in each others eyes (Lawrence 1). During a conversation, Pauls mother mentions that luck is, what causes you to have money. If youre lucky you have money. Thats why its better to be born lucky than large. If youre rich you may loose your money. But if youre lucky you will eer get more Forbes 2money.(Lawrence 1). The situation is then made wo rse by assuming that her misfortunes were caused by her marriage to an unlucky husband. The father is intelligibly a failure as a provider and family-head, so ofttimes that we are scarcely conscious of his existence. And his failure is aggravated by the game social position the family tries to maintain (Koban 280). Lawrence tells us the mother had a diminished income, and the father had a small income, but not nearly copious for the social position which they had to keep up.

Roman Fever: A Brilliant Display :: Roman Fever Essays

Exposing Gender Stereotypes in papistical feverishness Definitive criteria for judging the success or failure of a subject of fiction are not easily agreed upon individuals almost of necessity introduce bias into any such attempt. Only those who affect an extortionately refined artistic taste, however, would deny the importance of poignancy in literary pieces. To be sure, writings of dubious and fleeting merit frequently grip the public, but there is too the occasional author who garners widespread panegyric and whose forms remain deeply affecting despite the passage of time. The keep eminence of the fiction of Edith Wharton attests to her placement into such a category of authors it is a recognition of her propensity to create poignant and, indeed, successful literature. The brevity of her Roman Fever allows for a brilliant display of this talent in it we beget many of her highly celebrated qualities in the space of just a few pages. Roman Fever is truly outstanding a wor k that exposes the gender stereotypes of its day (1936) but that moves beyond documentary to reveal something of the perpetual antagonisms of human nature. From the storys first sentence, upon the introduction of two women of ripe but well-cared-for midway age, it becomes clear that stereotypes are at issue (Wharton 1116). This mild description evokes flying images of demure and supportive wives, their husbands wards. Neither woman is without her handsomely mounted total darkness handbag, and it is not until several paragraphs into the piece that Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley even acquire first label (1117). Thus, without even disclosing any of the ladies thoughts to the reader, Wharton has already revealed a great deal of their ain worlds. They live in a society which expects women to act largely as background figures, thoroughly engaged with furthering their husbands careers and the constant struggle to remain pretty. Indeed, olive-sized else is desired or even tolerated3/4an d Grace Ansley and Alida Slade appear, at first glance, to adjust to this image perfectly. As the workings of the characters minds are revealed, the extent to which they have internalized these value becomes apparent. Each, in their brief description of the other, mentions that her acquaintance was quite beautiful in her youth. Alida recalls how much she enjoyed having been married to a famous lawyer she misses being the Slades married woman (1119). Startlingly, now that their husbands are dead, we find that the women consider themselves to be in a state of unemployment (1118)

The Tempest Essay -- Shakespeare

Everyone has muzzy something. One of my earliest memories is a car ride with the desert of Arizona. We had skilful stopped at a gas station, and afterward we had gotten back on the road I realized that I had unexpended behind a small toy I had gotten at McDonalds forward that day. Even at s point years old I knew that I would forget about the toy in a day or two, but for some reason I could not help but ardently entreat my p bents to return for it. It was only after I had lost the toy that I realized how much I wanted it. Shakespeares characters have lost something as well their disembarrassdom. The idea of a beast master is not an uncommon one in classic literature. In Shakespeares Macbeth we sense the subtle manipulations of the three witches in their treatment of Macbeth, and in The Final Problem by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle we see Sherlock Holmes debate to free himself from the the works of criminal mastermind James Moriarty. We even see it in childrens literature through The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. bold Baum. Yet The Tempest is unique as the mastermind has lost his throw freedom as well. It is like eyesight the puppets dance, looking behind the curtain, and seeing only more strings. Through reading The Tempest you come to reckon that al nearly every character, even if that character is seemingly in find out of their own destiny, is trapped by something or someone, and it is only as they struggle to regain their freedom that each individual realizes how much it was taken for granted.The most obvious loss of freedom is felt by the ruling society consisting of Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio, and Gonzalo. Their first goal is to return to Naples, but that voyage is halted by Prosperos pull and their subsequent wreck on the island (1.2.205... ...e to regain control of both Milan and Naples. alone in the end The ruling party is spared, Antonio regains his son while Prospero regains his kingdom, Ariel is freed, and even Caliban takes some small o wnership in his actions, Ay, that I will and Ill be wise hereafter / And seek for grace. What a thrice-double ass / Was I, to take this wino for a god / And worship this dull fool (5.1.332-335) It is that sense of rediscovery that Shakespeare leaves us with, the sense that the characters have struggled against fate without even knowing it and are just now realizing what they have gained as a result. The future is uncertain and relationships are still being recreated, but every character leaves the island with a deeper keep of the importance of freedom.Works CitedShakespeare, William. The Tempest. Paperback. New York Modern Library, 2008. Print.

Stereotypes and Stereotyping of Characters of The Great Gatsby Essay

The Stereotypical Characters of The dandy Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald is well cognise for organism an excellent writer, for expertly describing the Jazz Age, and for having a drinking problem. However, he is not so well known for creating recently and intriguing characters. In The Great Gatsby, the majority of the characters remain one-dimensional and unchanging throughout the novel. They are simply known from the viewpoint of Nick Carraway, the participating narrator. Some insight is attached into characters in the form of their dialogue with Nick, however, they never really become deep characters that are known and keep be identified with. While all of the participants in the novel arent completely flat, most of the main characters are simply stereotypes of 1920s hatful from the southern, western, and eastern parts of America. Proper Southern Belles 1. Never blow their noses in public, 2. Never chase after a creation- they connive a man into chasing them, 3. Always get wh at they want, 4. ar extraordinary hostesses, 5. Always look their best, 6. Are always a bit mysterious, and 7. Are witty and charming. (Suney) In short, a typical Southern Belle is lovely, well mannered, and above all, wealthy. Daisy Buchanan is lovely, well mannered, and above all, wealthy. She was known as the most beautiful girl in Louisville, and her family was very rich. Daisy, macrocosm the most popular girl amongst the soldiers, could pick any man she want to connive into chasing her. When Jay Gatsby came around, she fell in love with his lie of being rich and from a good family. But after he went away to war, she became impatient and couldnt gestate for the man she thought she loved. When she met juicy eastern Jock, Tom, she marrie... ...nts of conversation with Nick, the characters remain on the levels of small talk and public knowledge. The only insight given to their lives is that they can easily be defined by a stereotype. Daisy is the Southern Belle/Easterner rich , proper, and reckless. Gatsby is a Western Pioneer continuously working toward his dreams. Tom is the Rich Easterner Jock large, hypocritical, and ignorant. Fitzgerald used these common 1920s stereotypes to create the one-dimensional characters in this very multi-dimensional story, The Great Gatsby. Works Cited and Consulted F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby. New York Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1925. F. Scott Fitzgerald. (1934) capital of South Carolina Quotations. Online. Available www.Bartleby.com. Suney. (1999) Proper Southern Belles. Personal Website. Online. Available www.dbteck.net/suncastl/lady.

Hamlet and King Lear :: essays research papers

Thereare a lot of identicalities in two Shakespeare stories HAMLETand great power LEAR. I guess its because of the style in whichShakes peare wrote. William Shakespeare wrote threekinds of stories comedy, tragedy and history. Both of thesebooks are tragedies and they are very similar tragedies. Inboth of these stories there is a feud going on within thefamily. And in both the feud is between the children and theirparents or relatives. village is looking for the revenge on hisuncle for killing critical points develop and hes upset with his givemarrying the mutilateer. Here Lears evil daughters try tocompletely destroy their father. Lear c alones his daughters andasks them who loves the most. Regan and Goneril lie simply to worry Lears land and power. Cordelia honestly answers Learand for that is given away to France, because Lear has gone unwrap of his mind. After Lear gives out almost all his land herealizes his erroneous belief and tries to restore his power. alonenow its too late, because his daughters already took away allthe land. He sees how evil his daughters really are and theydont love him at all, so he curses them. Now Lear appearsto be crazy from his actions, but in ingenuousness he exactly knowswhat is going on. Hamlet saw the ghost of his father and ittold Hamlet that his uncle killed him to become the king. Thisshows that the person will even commit murder to getcontrol of the country, just like we see in KING LEAR.After the ghost appeared to Hamlet, he started to act like hewas crazy. But just like Lear, in reality he wasnt crazy, hewas thought of how to get back at his uncle. The endings ofboth stories are very similar. to a fault the fact that all themain characters in both stories die, its how they die thatsinteresting. Because Goneril wants to get Edmund, shepoisons her sister Regan. Hamlets uncle wants to poisonHamlet, but by mistake he poisoned his wife, Hamletsmother. Hamlet by mistake kills his uncle servant Polonius.Because of the death of her father Ophelia (Poloniusdaughter) goes insane and ulterior kills herself. BecauseGonerils plan didnt work, she kills herself. At the end thereis a affaire dhonneur between Edgar and Edmund, where Edgar kills hisbastard brother. At the end of HAMLET there is a duelbetween Hamlet and Polonius son, where Hamlet wins but in

The Importance of Setting in Jack Londons To Build A Fire Essay

The Importance of Setting in dump Londons To fortify A Fire In To Build a Fire by Jack London, the setting plays a significant role throughout the constitutional short story. Jack London uses certain techniques to establish the atmosphere of the story. By introducing his readers to the setting, prepares them for a tone that is depressed and frightening. Isolated by an environment of diametrical weather and doom, the author shows us how the main character of the story is entirely unaware of his surroundings. The only world the military personnel is truly accustomed to, is his own. never being exposed to such a harsh climate, draws us to the resultant that the environment is the determining factor of his survival, as well as his dogs too. Anything that the globe and his dog comes into contact with, creates an anticipation for disaster in the story. London places a strong emphasis on the setting in the introduction to the story. daylight had broken cold and grey, exce edingly cold and grey... He repeats these phrases to redefine to his readers the move the setting has on the lives of the characters. The gloominess of the setting instills feelings in the man and the dog, of a constant battle with this world of depression they are in. Being wedded no sense of imagination, the man is only gifted with his practical knowledge. He therefore is shown to lack the experience and thought to adapt to the conditions encompassing him. Typically, man never wants to deal with the reality, especially when it is unpleasant. But all this-the mysterious, far-reaching hairline trail, the absence of solarize from the sky, the tremendou... ...he man didnt listen to the advice of experienced people, he was ignorant and never evaluate to be defeated by the climate. If the man had prepared himself for the worst, his death would non have been inevitable. Providing the separation between survival an death, the setting was the most of import factor in To B uild a Fire by Jack London. Works Cited and Consulted Hendricks, King. Jack London Master Craftsman of the Short Story. Logan doh State U P, 1966. Rpt. In Jack London Essays in Criticism. Ed. re Wilson Ownbey. Santa Barbara Peregrine, 1978. 13-30. London, Jack. To Build a Fire. Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. 6th ed. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. new-fangled York Harper Collins, 1995. 118-29. Perry, John. Jack London An American Myth. Chicago Nelson-Hall, 1981.

Easter Uprising in Ireland Essay -- History Historical Irish Essays

Easter Up arise in Ireland On Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, a force of Irishmen attempted to seize Dublin, with the ultimate intention of eliminating British observe and creating a smashly item-by-item Ireland. Their leaders, such as Patrick Pearse and James Connolly, knew that they were fate to die, entirely saw the importance of independence, thus the rising was inevitable. In the eye of many the rebellion was a complete failure, with the loss of lives and damage of buildings, exactly in the eyes of many Irish patriots the rebellion was a complete success as it promoted Irish patriotism and ultimately lead to an independent Ireland. The circumstances that lead to the rebellion are of an intense complexity, historical, social, political and psychological, and the rebellion itself has lasting impacts on society today. Since 1603, when Ireland was for the first time effectively coupled under British rule, Irish history has been dictated by the British, and the unworthy relat ionship between Ireland and Britain. The root of the problem was that Ireland was a mainly papistic Catholic country ruled by Protestant foreigners, colonial administrators performing on behalf of a Protestant Government far away. During the eighteenth century, the Irish Catholics were deprived of all rights, as one English judge savagely put it The law does not suppose any such soulfulness to exist as an Irish Roman Catholic. The Irish could only decoy that the English did not regard them as human beings at all, and this was all the way seen in the Great Famine of the 19th century. The Great Famine of 1845-1851 was critical in shaping Irelands attitudes towards British rule and leading to the nationalism that provoked the eventual uprising of 1916. The peasants lived on potatoes, it was their only crop, and when the crop was killed by disease famine struck. The potato was primarily grown because it could produce a relatively high yield with little intensive care. Many though relied on the crop and that is why the famine of 1845-1849 was so catastrophic. Ireland had a tribe of 8 million before the famine, 1 million died from the famine and other 1-2 million immigrated to America. Irelands population, which had grown so strongly throughout the 18th century and early 19th century, had been shattered. The impact that the famine had on 1916 was simplistic the English were blamed for the famine. Th... ...ellion can be seen to be an utter failure, but the bigger picture shows that the success of the rebellion can not be undermined, as it resulted in a great revival of nationalism and eventually, the organization of the Republic of Ireland in 1948. In the book, The Modern World since 1870, it is said of Pearse smell back one can see that his death lit a flame which illuminated Irelands path to independence. It must be understood that the Easter Rising was never designed for force victory, it was in the desire of freedom, and in this regard the rebellion can not be seen as a failure. The Irish Rebellion, stemming from a history of oppressiveness and neglect by the British, was always inevitable. Although the rising was a clear military failure, the legacy of the rising means that it can be seen as a success it did achieve many of the aims of the leaders. The purpose of the insurrection was not to win the battle, but to leave the legacy to the Irish people that without struggle at that place is no progress. New nationalism was inspired, and in 1948, with the establishment of the Republic of Ireland, the rising was finally seen as a politically and socially successful movement.

My Best Friend’s Wedding :: Film Movies

My Best aces WeddingMy Best Friends Wedding is a romanticist comedy with a guide to sabotaging your old beaus nuptials.When she broke up with Michael (Dermot Mulroney), her boyfriend in college, Julianne made him her new lift out friend and security blanket. They made a pactif they were still star at 28, theyd marry each other. Now theyre closely 28. And Michael, a sports writer, is in Chicago and wants Julianne to call him. She is touched and nervous. She has always sincerely humpd the guy but hes not name to propose. Hes calling to explain hes tenanted to be married in three days to a junior-grade at the University of Chicago who is willing to drop out of college and sacrifice her take in aspirations as an architect to support his c areer because she is devotedly in love with him.Julia Roberts makes you feel so guilty for rooting for her character, as she is a assured restaurant critic who panics after hearing friend and ex-flame Michael is getting hitched. Juliannesor h ow Michael considers her, Julesstrategy is simple put on a skilful face, pretend to go along and destroy from within. Kimmy (Cameron Diaz) knows shes got a unusual opponent, and her strategy is to befriend Jules. You win. Hes got you on a viewpoint and me in his arms. She asks Jules to be her maid of honor since all her female relatives are supposed sluts and mostly because she wants to keep her eye on Jules so she doesnt get her grips on her man.Jules stoops to evil means worthy of a peasant Batman villain She fakes an engagement to George (her guy friend played by Rupert Everett), forges a brutal, sneaky, and really mean email from the brides rich daddy (who owns the ga legal communitydine Sox and a cable television empire) to the editor of Michaels sports magazine that could wrong Michael career, and forces her trusting and tuneless rival princess to perform in a karaoke barouchYou never thought that innocent and loving Julia Robert would not be the heroine of this video o r any movie. She is willing to fight dirty to steal other womans man.My Best Friends Wedding may be a flick for chicks, but it foils some of the common expectations of romantic comedies. It manages to keep alive the mystery of who will end up with whom. Things arent as clear-cut as they initially seem to be.

Melanoma (Skin Cancer) Essays -- Melanoma Skin Cancer

Many sight think that is it manageable to get to a sanguine burn mark, notwiths bronzeding this thought has been proven wrong. Overexpose to UV-A and UV-B rays from the fair weather lead to premature aging of the scratch, as well as the possible organization of cutis backcer, know as malignant melanoma. An appearance of a suntan is actu totallyy a stage of burning and damage to the scratch. Although a tan may be desirable to legion(predicate), the fact remains that more quite a little need to be educate on the dangers of the suns pernicious rays, and the possible health complications of overexposure. in that location are three main types of skin malignant neoplastic disease. These are malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. While melanoma is the most hard of the three, it is also the most green. Melanoma leave al iodine ordinarily appear as a large mole or lesion on the skin, and usually suddenly. It broadly tends to appear on t he lower-backs of men and the lower-legs of women, though in elderly, sun-damaged persons, it is also pr single to forming on the head and neck. While interference is very(prenominal) successful when caught in the azoic stages, waiting too long can dramatically slump the success drift of treatments. Catching the cancer early can exit in simply having the mole- induce ining cancer removed, but if a patient delays treatment for any reason the cancer may counterpane to other (possibly vital) variety meat such as the digestive tract, lungs, eyes, or lymph nodes. The bend of cases of melanoma in America is on the rise. According to the American crabby person Society, 6 in every 100,000 people had melanoma in 1973, but the rate has dual to 12 in 100,000 in 1999. In 1998 alone, the complaint claimed 7,300 people, which is a rate of one person every hour. Populations at a higher risk of infection of developing skin cancer are those with salutary sunlight all year round. Place s such as Arizona lay down higher number of persons who develop skin cancers because they harbour a greater chance of overexposure to UV rays. Melanoma has been reported to be the most common form of cancer in America, and has also been shown to occur more often in sciolistic situations. Places such as tanning beds only let on UV-A rays, which is what causes skin to tan and was also one time thought to be little harmful than UV-B rays. look has now shown that it is the UV-A rays that actually aid in the formation of skin cancers. There is also a percentage of the population... ...ut no one is immune. One should coif regular full body examinations approximately once a month, during which people should be looking for any irregular skin lesions or raised portions that have a dark blue, brown or black coloration that may be varied throughout. This may look like a mole, but will lack the symmetry of a mole, and will plausibly have an ill-formed border. Most people will know which moles have always been on their bodies, and which may be refreshful growths, but when and if one comes across something strange or unfamiliar, they should see a doctor as soon as possible for a diagnosis, so that the cancer may be treated as early as possible. While many people view tan skin as desirable, it can in truth kill, and those people need to be further educated on the dangers of tanning. Everyone should take preventative measures to save the health of their skin. Using a sun pulley block and reapplying as needed, as well as constraining time played out in the sun are very distinguished in aiding to the senior status of anyones life. It is important to remember the factors that may site someone at greater risk, but also that everyone and anyone can give way to the potentially black-market disease that is melanoma. Melanoma (Skin genus Cancer) Essays -- Melanoma Skin Cancer Many people think that is it possible to achieve a healthy tan, but this thought has been proven wrong. Overexpose to UV-A and UV-B rays from the sun lead to premature aging of the skin, as well as the possible formation of skin cancer, know as melanoma. An appearance of a tan is actually a stage of burning and damage to the skin. Although a tan may be desirable to many, the fact remains that more people need to be educated on the dangers of the suns harmful rays, and the possible health complications of overexposure. There are three main types of skin cancer. These are malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. While melanoma is the most life-threatening of the three, it is also the most common. Melanoma will usually appear as a large mole or lesion on the skin, and usually suddenly. It generally tends to appear on the lower-backs of men and the lower-legs of women, though in elderly, sun-damaged persons, it is also abandoned to forming on the head and neck. While treatment is very successful when caught in the early st ages, waiting too long can dramatically decrease the success rate of treatments. Catching the cancer early can result in simply having the mole-looking cancer removed, but if a patient delays treatment for any reason the cancer may spread to other (possibly vital) organs such as the digestive tract, lungs, eyes, or lymph nodes. The number of cases of melanoma in America is on the rise. According to the American Cancer Society, 6 in every 100,000 people had melanoma in 1973, but the rate has doubled to 12 in 100,000 in 1999. In 1998 alone, the disease claimed 7,300 people, which is a rate of one person every hour. Populations at a higher risk of developing skin cancer are those with strong sunlight all year round. Places such as Arizona have higher numbers of persons who develop skin cancers because they have a greater chance of overexposure to UV rays. Melanoma has been reported to be the most common form of cancer in America, and has also been shown to occur more frequently in supe rficial situations. Places such as tanning beds only emit UV-A rays, which is what causes skin to tan and was also once thought to be less harmful than UV-B rays. Research has now shown that it is the UV-A rays that actually aid in the formation of skin cancers. There is also a percentage of the population... ...ut no one is immune. One should perform regular full body examinations approximately once a month, during which people should be looking for any irregular skin lesions or raised portions that have a dark blue, brown or black coloration that may be varied throughout. This may look like a mole, but will lack the symmetry of a mole, and will probably have an ill-formed border. Most people will know which moles have always been on their bodies, and which may be new growths, but when and if one comes across something strange or unfamiliar, they should see a doctor as soon as possible for a diagnosis, so that the cancer may be treated as early as possible. While many people view tan skin as desirable, it can truly kill, and those people need to be further educated on the dangers of tanning. Everyone should take preventative measures to save the health of their skin. Using a sun block and reapplying as needed, as well as limiting time spent in the sun are very important in aiding to the longevity of anyones life. It is important to remember the factors that may put someone at greater risk, but also that everyone and anyone can succumb to the potentially fatal disease that is melanoma.

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan and the Fundamental Principle of a Society Ess

At the core of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan rests integrity funda custodytal value of a ball club, from which Hobbes derives solely other laws the affair to self-preservation. At the same time, many of Hobbes claims rest on his assumption that there is very little difference between men in their physical and mental abilities. By these two ideas, Hobbes asserts that it is to the advantage of either individuals duty to self-preservation to witnessk peace with completely other men (Hobbes Ch. 13, p. 2). But, in reading this text we must consume ourselves Does Hobbes consider what would happen if a person were both confident and practised enough that he or she could subvert the confederate power of all told other men? What difficulties might such a person range to the ethical solidarity of the Hobbesian state? To answer these questions, I will first put on a short explanation that brings the ethical trustworthiness of the Hobbesian state into question. With this story I will then illuminate the flaws of the Hobbesian state, which can be traced substantiate to its fundamental principle of self-preservation. Finally, I will present a distinguishable fundamental principle for the laws of a state, equal and fair love, enumerating its advantages. To begin, imagine the pastime story. In a time very similar to the current iodine but not our own, the state exists exactly as Hobbes had presented in The Leviathan. The self-governing rules absolutely every citizen holds the right of self-preservation as the fundamental value of their society and Hobbes is remembered as a national hero. However, the nation currently suffers from a enceinte recession, and many live in terrible poverty. Trusting all their rights to the state, the citizens cling to a hope for a better future. But among these citizens, no wiz is more passionate or more devout for the state than Aminta1. As a criminal investigator for the state police, Aminta has received plentiful prepare and ex perience which distinguishes her as an above-average individual in terms of general intelligence. However, Aminta possesses one great idiosyncrasy that sharply distinguishes her from the rest of her people. She 1 From the Greek intelligence service for protector or defender (English-Greek Dictionary) holds no fear or article of belief in God and believes there is only this life and its punishments. Aminta deems belief in the divine as the folklore... ...obbesian state. For one, there is nothing inherent to the preservation of ones own freedom that would enable a man to establish regard for another mans well-being. Just like the duty to self-preservation, this principle may permit the American citizen to disregard the needs of his oath man, so long as his freedoms have not been infringed. Thus, we begin to see the incredible influence Hobbes work has had in much of todays political theory. If a state were to decide to alter its fundamental principle, it appears it would recurre nce years of pulling up bricks to lay the groundwork for a youthful fundamental principle. Equal and fair love may be more advantageous, but it would take incredible amounts of energy to implement in a state today. Works Cited Hobbes, Thomas. The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury Now prime(prenominal) Collected and Edited by Sir William Molesworth, Bart. Vol. 3. London Bohn, 1839-45. Electronic. Locke, John. The Works of John Locke in Nine Volumes. 12th ed. Vol. 4. London Rivington, 1824. Electronic. Defender, Protect. English-Greek Dictionary. 2nd ed. London Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1959. Print.

Role of Prisons in Reducing Recidivism Essay -- Argumentative Persuasi

Role of Prisons in Reducing RecidivismThe role of prisons and prison wardens in trim down recidivism is a major concern today. With programs initialized in the prison systems, recidivism rates lock up have stayed about the same for forty years. Almost two-thirds of prisoners will be arrested after their release, and of those, half will return to prison for a bare-assed crime. The obstacle faced by professionals to change behavior is a multi-layered interwoven problem that needs to be addressed in our society today. diverse views and opinions are given, and they do non lesson the impact of each other, but a multi-dimensional program should be utilized to achieve the goal of recidivism.Professor Alex Holsinger of the University of molybdenum states that each individual has a responsibility for his or her behavior and not to look at the penal system for absolute rehabilitation. The recidivism studies tend to practice bundling entire criminal behavior into one study and do not look at all the different criminal offenses separately. For example, chronic intoxicated driving behavior and shoplifting behavior s...

History of the Sound Card :: essays research papers

History of the Sound Card How it Came AboutThe very first thinking(a) card every manufactured was a Sound Blaster card. cold West was the manufacturer of the first Sound Blaster hold up card. permits tint back a little in measure to take a look back at when intelligent card havent even yet existed. ready reckoners were never designed to clench sound. Before sound cards were invented, the only sounds you would hear from a figurer would be the beeps that would tell you if something was wrong with the computer. Thats all No sounds would go after any games, you couldnt play euphony at all, nothing Computer programmers wanted to use the beeps for games they created, and so they would program the beeps into their games. However, it would be awful music as an accompaniment to games like Space Invaders.Far West came up with the solution, thus the invention of the first Sound Blaster sound card. It close up wasnt good quality music, but it was a big step up from just the beeps. I t could understand real audio and play it back, something of a quantum leap. It also had a MIDI interface, still common on sound cards today, which could control synthesizers, samplers and other electronic music equipment. The first sound card was of 8 bit 11 kHz audio quality, correspondent to an AM radio.There are two parts to the complicated office of electronics, the sound card. ADC and DAC were they. ADC is the analog-to-digital converter and DAC being the opposite (digital-to-analog converter). ADC took an analog signal from a device and converts it to digital signals for the computer to use, as DAC did the exact opposite, taking a digital signal and converting it to analog. However, in the future, there will be no use of ADC and DAC since both speakers and microphones will be able to directly record and playback digital signals directly. An utilization of ADC would be a sound done the microphone being recorded into the computer. A CD player is an example of a device that uses DAC.Digital audio has its advantages. One would be that no matter how many times it is copied it remains identical. It does not pull down analogue sources. An example of an analogue source is vinyl. A leap up to 16 bit 44.1 kHz was a major development. This is the quality of a CD. This became a problem for the ISA bus.