Therapeutic skills and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Therapeutic skills and practice - Essay ExampleIt is not meant to create differences among people and it does not draw comparisons based on class or money. It is a humane process, and deals with humans as such.Counseling may deal with one can learn about depression, phobias, anxiety, obsession, management deficit, learning disability, and a host of other related issues there are also sections on doings therapy, children and adolescents, couples, biofeedback, and many more (Richards, 2000). After duly understanding theories, the most important part is to relate with the application of the same. It shall be most pertinent for her to convert the theoretical knowledge learnt from the models, to be able to link it in real-time, with the symptoms and actions presented by people in actuality.The important thing to note here is that, it is not possible precisely by giving state-of-the art medicines to generate a healthy relationship with the client. This relationship is crucial for the mental healing and intrinsic motivation of the client. When a person learns to communicate in an effective manner, it is only and so that a much needed liaison is made between the two parties, and an environment of trust is created. This thus gives rise to a therapeutic setting that is most conducive to the cause of the treatment.The psychoanalytic theory presented by Freud and the Behaviourist one, presented by Watson, form the basis of understanding personality in humans. Speaking as a whole, the former focuses largely on the processes that are hidden and away from the naked eye ideas, concepts and cognitive processes that regulate personality are essentially considered to be away from conscious control. Whereas, the latter supports analyzing personality at the spunk of things. It attempts to objectively qualify behaviour, not only in terms of understanding it, but also in the context of

Role NATO in the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

quality NATO in the world - Essay ExampleA North Atlantic area which includes both focalize Barrow, far above the Arctic Circle, and Mount Ararat, deep in the Turkish Caucasus, is, indeed, an anomaly. The term North Atlantic area appears several times in the text of the conformity but is nowhere defined explicitly. However, the treaty does contain a definition of the area within which an armed attack from without get out bring its guarantees into operation.( jam Kurth, 36) These guarantees extend to the territories of all member states in Europe and North America, to the Mediterranean and North Sea, and to the Atlantic sea north of the Tropic of Cancer. They also cover the Algerian Departments of France as well as all of Turkeys territories in Asia, plus two segments of Africa and Asia, and all of North America north of the Rio Grande, together with the seas and ocean lying between them.The success of the NATO Alliance over the past four decades has been extraordinary. The mere s urvival of the Alliance for 40 long time is noteworthy that those forty years have been unbroken by war among the study powers is unprecedented in the modern era. To be sure, factors other than NATO have contributed to the absence of war in Europe-the most important universe the advent of the nuclear revolution in warfare. Nonetheless, NATO has made an important contribution to the maintenance of peace among the major powers. ... nt on the nature of the threats to the fundamental interests of the Alliance members the evolution of a collective response to those threats that meets the political, economic, and military requirements of the ally and the absence of any politically acceptable alternatives to the current structure of the Alliance. The central question facing NATO forty years after its creation, however, is whether the Alliance, as currently structured, equipped, and funded, will continue to play an effective role in meeting the vital security needs of its members. Despit e the attention given to disputes among Alliance members, it is unlikely that NATO will collapse with a bang sparked by internal friction, but it could fade with a whimper of irrelevance in the face of shifting economic, political, technological, and military realities. NATO will almost certainly be alive on the eve of the twenty-first century to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary. However, unless the Alliance has the resilience to respond to emerging challenges, by the turn of the century it may be less relevant to the central security concerns of its members.Our Alliance has line up far on its way to transformation. Its relevance today does not derive from its original and immediate think but from what it has become over time. It has evolved into a community of values and destiny, and a forum of political book of facts on vital issues of foreign policy and security. It has evolved into an agent of change. It will become the core security presidency of a future Euro-Atlantic ar chitecture in which all states, irrespective of their size or geographical location, mustiness enjoy the same freedom, cooperation and security. We must not be satisfied with having won the Cold War. We have to bring in the future. - NATO Secretary

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics Research Paper - 1

Evaluation of a worry Code of Ethics - Research Paper ExampleSo, perfect work ethics mainly initiated and managed by the leaders and management will only ensure smooth functioning for the organization and elevate its image. A foolproof and effective ethical computer program should be given top most priority and should be incorporated in every aspect of organizational functioning, without exception. So, this article will evaluate the ethical program in the one of the largest corporations of the world, Shell Oil CompanyIn 1833, Marcus Samuel, a London Shopkeeper, decided to make oriental shells as fashion in interior design. Till 1886, the demand for oil was restricted to lightness and lubricants. With the invention of internal combustion engine and the first automobiles, the demand for gasoline arrived. By then the production line was taken over by Marcus Samuel Junior and Sam Samuel. In the 1880s, oil was being exported from Russia to other countries from the ports at Black Sea. Oil was transported in barrels and it consumed a lot of space in the hold of the ship. The Samuel brothers outfit a fleet of bulk oil tankers for transporting oil. The Samuel brothers achieved a revolution in oil transporting with the maiden tour of the first tanker the Murex through the Suez Canal in 1892. The brothers initially called their company the Tank Syndicate tho later renamed it to Shell Transport and Trading Company in 1897. Petroleum was also being produced in the East Indies, which was a Dutch colony, by the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company. With stiff competition from meter Oil, the two companies joined together to form Asiatic petroleum Company in 1903. The full amalgamation of the two companies into Royal Dutch Shell Group came in 1907. Today, Shell is a global company of energy and petrochemical companies. As per Forbes report (2009), in the year 2009, the Royal Dutch Shell was ranked second largest company in the world, with assets worth US $ 278.44

Theory and Explanation in International Relations (Honours Component) Essay

Theory and Explanation in International transaction (Honours Component) - Essay Example smith believes that the distinction between explanatory and constitutive theories is basic ontological loss that emerges out of the differing ways in which IR theorists see the social world. (p27) If one examines what this argument is saying, one could really well use the science/antiscience scheme wherein scholars are divided in the way they see the social world with one favoring the concept of a natural social world something that is outside of our theories while the different, stressing that such world is what we actually make it.Explanatory theorists explain the end of the Cold War in the stage setting of the chain of events that that have transpired over time. Types of this theory such the positivists and the realists offer additional details to the fundamental define on the subject which include the attempt to locate the causal roles that are played by item elements in the chosen o bject domain for future use or to predict future events and trends. What this center is that explanatory theory is all about making sense of what is given, based on the facts and about attempting to show their modes of operation. (Cox 1981) A number of authors use this dimension to the theory to explain how they seem to solve problems. The idea is that explanatory theories are concerned with making the world work better within clearly defined, and limited parameters. (Dunne, Kurki & Smith 2007, p26) Otherwise, Morgenthau (1978) maintained that when theories are divorced from facts they became informed by prejudice and mere wishful thinking. (p4-29)On the other hand, constitutive theories follow an entirely different track in theorizing about the end of the Cold War. It does not dwell on the causal theories or the questions that ask the whys and hows. Instead, it is concerned with the properties of things by reference to the structures in rectitude of which they exist. (Wendt 1998 , p105) Because of this, theories that

MGMT 4500 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MGMT 4500 - Essay ExampleThis position in the air terms context is determined by the rate of domestic passengers served by the airline.The airlines portfolio has been built by both strengths and weaknesses. While scenario is relatively a normal phenomenon to almost every duty venture, the measures employed by south-west Airlines in exploiting its strengths and addressing the underlying weaknesses be critical and unique its performance. The company earlier concentrates in domestic passenger travel armed services, giving it a local advantage. However, in international terms, its course performance is based on collaboration with international airlines. Prior to local, regional or international success, Southwest Airlines has outstanding strengths that maintain its top position in meeting air travel demands for the domestic market. guest service is one of the critical areas that the airline roots its strengths in. The airline has in the past undertaken and continues to undertake s ervice evaluation with regard to customer expectations. In this customer service practice, Southwest Airlines seeks to identify loopholes in its line of service. Customers are the primary determining particularors of the success of a business venture. The management and the employees of the Southwest Airlines critically accounts for this fact by striving to meet customer satisfaction in air travel services. Customer feedbacks are presently used as a tool for designing, formulating and implementing customer service policies in the company.Employee base and the number of flights offered per day is an essential current strength. By close of business year 2011, Southwest Airlines had an employee base of 37,000, and offered up to 3,300 flights a day (Hill & Gareth, 2012). This has been realized to due to the ever rising customer volume especially in the last two years. The effectiveness, efficiency and commitment to duty by its workforce, Southwest

Compensation Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compensation Plan - Research Paper caseFor example, the All-Employee Option Plans which are currently being regulated in sixteen of the nations where Unilever maintains its presence, the workforce has been granted with an inducing to enhance performance levels and meet targets and objectives so as to become eligible for financial rewards (Unilever Group annual Report and Accounts, 2003). Accordingly, the company has also designed a plan to cater to the classification of senior and vellicate executives who have maintained their presence in the company for significant periods and thus, have greater tenure. Thus, the plan declares what is delimit as a the platform that puritys senior officials between 0% and 20% of the original conditional award after the completion of a specified period (Unilever Group Annual Report and Accounts, 2003).The rationale tin the establishment of an equity based compensation plan that is further subcategorized into six classifications can be explained by associating the concept with Unilevers policy of fair compensation. In accordance with this agenda the company aims to continually rate workforce issues, internal mechanisms and labor practices to improve and enhance the transparency of the compensation system on a concurrent basis in 180 nations of operations (Unilever, 2014a). Consequently, the data retrieved with respect to these matters would be compiled the following social class so that the formulation of solutions can be conducted to cope with current issues.2. According to the research presented by Balken and Gomez-Mejia (1990), the decision-making cultivate regarding internal consistency of compensation system is reliant upon several factors, one of which is characterized by the identification of the organisational strategies that must be maintained to guide the company towards the achievement of objectives. Consequently, from the perspective of employees a fair, just or

Empowering People through Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Empowering People through Education - endeavor ExampleUniversal education has been on the global agenda since the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed dispense with and compulsory education to be a basic human right. The 1990 Convention on the Rights of the Child, signed by any but two of the worlds governments, reaffirmed this right as a legally binding obligation. Since then, there throw off been many high-level international commitments to education for all (Bloom & Cohen, 2002).Indeed, education is a tool for human beings to oppose them to advance their goals in life. This is the reason why education was inculcated in the Declaration of Human Rights. This is also why, of all Ameri backside institutions, the educational system has perhaps the greatest impact on the lives of ordinary people. Children gain cognition ab come in a standard range of subjects from English and history to mathematics and science. They also learn well-disposed skills and are exposed to differe nt people and ideas. Educational achievement is the single largest influence on an individuals succeeding(a) earning power. More than anything else, in fact, it is education that shapes a soulfulnesss future day.Professor Stephen Heyneman of Vanderbilt University, in his article Are We Our Brothers Keeper, pointed out that that economic culture depends on educational progress. The evidence supporting this claim emerged from multiple sources and common splanchnic judgment nations with an educated population are economically adaptable, healthy, and innovative. But the challenges to providing education in low-income countries are daunting. Generally, they can be divided into three categories schoolings access, quality, and purpose. This is why world leaders are thinking how greater educational opportunity can be provided to low-income countries, how the quality of that opportunity can be improved, and how the international community should take these schools to reduce extremist n ationalist and religious curricula (The World and I, 2003, p. 18).So if ignorance is bliss, why do we stillness pursue to educate ourselves and our children It may be true, but no individual wants to become ignorant. If a person is not educated, he or she is susceptible to being taken advantage of. Holmes (1981) offered a more viable answer to this question by expounding the aims of education. According to Holmes (1981), these aims are often expressed in prevalent terms in order to induce widespread public appeal. Aims such as the holistic development of children and the acquisition of skills and knowledge deemed desirable for societal well-being are often palatable to a motley of stakeholders, including governments, businesses, parents, educators, and students (Holmes, 1981). Thus, the intentions of education, as Holmes has argued, are often described in terms of their intrinsic encourage (knowledge for knowledges sake), their social value (process of initiation into acceptable social standards), and their intended outcomes (all-around individual development). The aims of education, therefore, represent a societys idealized hopes and visions for its citizensIn so far as aims are statements of what ought to be the case and represent mans hopes and aspirations not only for himself but for future generations, they are part of our socially constructed world and can be accepted or rejected check to taste. (p. 114)Thus, the aims of educa

The culture of an international non-profit organisation Essay

The culture of an international non-profit organization - Essay ExampleThis essay using the cultural web analyzes the culture of a non-profit (referred to here as go with X). Company X is a not-for-profit organisation founded in 1981 in the United States as a charity aimed at improving the lives of children and families. Over its 20 age the companys mission has narrow to or become more specific targeting early childhood care and education, childrens rights and grassroots friendship development. Company X is currently headquartered in California in the United States but has a heading in five continents as follows Africa Kenya, Zimbabwe and Ghana Asia India and Nepal Europe Norway, South the States Chile and North America the U.S. Company X primarily obtains its operating re starts from individual and corporate donations predominantly from within the US. To tag on this funding, Company X owns and runs two exclusive pre-schools in California that boast of an enviable waitlist as strong as four opposite high cost pre-schools in the same state. Over and above this, the non-profit has wisecracked and continues to offer consultancy work on early childhood care and education at very competitive range to other non-profits, for-profit corporations and even governments such as the government of Singapore, Ecuador and even the state of California as some other consultation of funding. The local chapters in Africa and Asia have wholly been dependent on obtaining slices of the US funding pie to grow their programs. ... To supplement this funding, Company X owns and runs two exclusive pre-schools in California that boast of an enviable waitlist as well as four other high cost pre-schools in the same state. Over and above this, the non-profit has offered and continues to offer consultancy services on early childhood care and education at very competitive rates to other non-profits, for-profit corporations and even governments such as the government of Singap ore, Ecuador and even the state of California as another source of funding. The local chapters in Africa and Asia have wholly been dependent on obtaining slices of the US funding pie to sustain their programs. However, with the global recession of 2008 hitting the US funding base, Company X has been pushing for heads of its global chapters to source for local funding to sustain their programs. Company X has been implementing this slowly over the last three years through activities such as the following. First it has instituted greater controls, monitoring and reporting over all bills disbursed. Then it demanded that each chapter develop their own five year strategic plan which will assign how they will increasingly source their own funding. Thirdly, from 2009 Company X reduced its funding by 10 to 15 per cent depending on their projections over which local chapters had better odds of fundraising depending on the economic figure of that host country. The problem though is that to date none has successfully fundraised. With the economies of Europe and America, poor for the former and slothful for the latter, the typical donors that Company X relied on have tightened their purses as they cautiously weigh their own investments. This united with the rising economies of

Climate change debate - anthropogenic or natural Essay

mode change debate - anthropogenic or native - Essay ExampleAs every somebody has its on view, there be people who think that climatic changes in this world are collectible to man made technologies and industries but on the other hand there is a school of prospect that thinks that these climate changes are due to the natural processes and there is no intrusion of the military man gain ground that has evolved the climate changes in this world. The objective of this dissertation is to prove what does drive climate to change it ways, is it the fast paced human progress or is it a natural course that is completing its cycle. Nomenclature H2O Water here mostly H2O is referred to water vapor. SO2 Sulfur Dioxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide H2S Hydrogen Sulfide HCL Hydrochloric acrid HF Hydrofluoric Acid CFC Chloro fluoro Carbons Introduction Climatic changes and how the weather is behaving nowadays do not seem to be an exclusion for the mankind, and the prime factor which has the guilty tag upon it is nature. When it is discussed that what are the anthropogenic factors which washbowl contribute in climate change?, the first occasion which emerges into mind is all this manmade development that has progressed with the advent of industries. If the process of pollution is not stopped it green goddess alone be the reason to end this civilization. In case of natural causes mostly the biggest source is the constant warmth from the sun which is causing climate changes even before human civilization existed. Natural and anthropogenic climatic affects are important because in one way or the other both of them do contribute to the climatic changes our world is facing. But who takes the lions cope has to be discussed. If the causes of the climatic change are not identified then this world would actually leap out to an indefinable extent. Bill Clinton proposed that I worry about the Climate Change its the totally thing I believe has the power to fundamentally end the mar ch of civilization as we know it (Tabor 45). The only duty is not to bonnie identify the cause but also to amend it, especially the factors which are in the human hands need to be eradicated at any cost. It is a common intrust among people to mix global warming with climatic changes that taking place. But global warming just indicates the temperature changes, where as climatic change works upon temperature upheavals and other factors, for example alteration in earths energy etc (Burroughs 8). This dissertation would be helpful in understanding that how much naturally occurring effects can be a part of climatic consequences and how much is the human hand involved in producing these changes. Those changes can vary from the green house effect to volcanic eruptions, use of aerosols, earth quakes, depletion of ozone layer etc. need Statement The problem statement for this dissertation will be A study carried out to try the issue of climate change due to natural and anthrop

TLMT313 WEEK 3 FORUM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TLMT313 WEEK 3 FORUM - Assignment ExampleThe approach promotes substitution of methods and materials with cheaper alternatives, without altering the functionality. apprise plan lowers operational and management cost, improves efficiency of re authors, simplify procedures and minimizes paperwork. Value engineering helps to reduce staff costs as well as achieving optimum balance between function, performance, safety, quality and cost (Mukhopadhyaya, 2009).Value engineering and value analysis effort should be led by designers, manufacturing and production engineer, purchasing specialist and executive staff. The designers help in making decisions at an early stage of the product concerning product design, specifications, equipment required and the resultant role of the product to another department. Production and manufacturing engineers determines how the product is to be made, and they manage the production process. Purchasing specialists help to shift design elements into material specifications. Operational staff makes the product and deliver service. They also provide the necessary culture about production problems.Supply management supports the process by converting design requirements of the product to material specifications. They source materials required to develop the product and suggest suppliers of the materials to the

The Last Five Years Have Seen a Major Push for the Use of 3Tesla in Essay

The Last Five Years Have Seen a Major Push for the rehearse of 3Tesla in Clinical Settings - Essay ExampleBenefits of 3T over old system have been discussed in distributor point further in the essay. 3T has provision for excellent imaging results of human body structures such as brain, type AB organs, all the bony parts and abnormal masses (cancer). In plus, some complicated procedures such as diffuse tensor imaging (DTI) and MRI spectroscopy can also be administered easily with 3T (Haines & Quaddy, 2010, pp1-3). There is a scope of using some RF coils array for faster compute processing in 3T. raw material natural philosophy of MRI and nuclear spin Here is a glance at the basic physics of MRI and correlation with nuclear spin. Magnetic written report is a force generated by the electric currents or magnets. This force attracts other metallic and magnetic objects towards the field of view. Nucleus of the atom has magnetic properties. All the nuclei provide chemical informat ion together throughout the magnetic field. Atomic chief constituents are proton, electron and neutron. They start revolving in an angular momentum. This is called as nuclear spin. This spin is suggestive of the direction of movements in magnetic field (James, 1998, pp1-31 Machann, Schlemmer&Schick, 2008, pp63-70). When both atoms come together in pair, they do not demonstrate a spin. However, in some nuclei, on that point are uneven number of protons and neutrons. These types of nuclei will have intrinsic angular momentum. In other incidences, when the left(p) nuclei spins are put in the magnetic field the magnetic field of the nucleus and surrounding field react with each other. These reactions are explained with Larmour frequency equations (James, 1998, pp1-31 Machann et.al., 2008, pp63-70). These nuclei momentums align either analogue or anti parallel with the surrounding magnetic field based on the law of quantum physics. Hence, this creates vital force difference among the spins that in human action allows transition in between the states. Nucleus consumes energy and goes into excitement phase and further resting or liberalization phase. This relaxation period is important for calculation, as it indicates that any system requires equal time to go into reposeful phase after equal time of exciting phase throughout the magnetization. Total sum of the energy from every step transition is equated along with mansion spatial frequency domain and spin density. This signal from spatial frequency is expressed into density in real place for the formation of MRI image (James, 1998, pp1-31 Machann et.al., 2008, pp63-70). Following picture shows the sample of 3T scanner machine with large bore. Picture curtsey- (Haines & Quaddy, 2010, pp1-3) Advantages of going to higher field Higher field means better imaging in shorter time. Transformation of scanning machines from1.5T to 3T also has many positive aspects 1) SNR (Signal to resound ratio) The major advantage of using 3T technology is to have increased SNR, i.e. signal to noise ratio. The FDA limits SAR by anatomical site based on the potential effects of heating (Stafford, pp 1-5). SNR is almost two-baser in 3T imaging. Raised SNR would certainly improve the image quality far better than before. In addition to this, higher SNR reduces the image acquiring time that helps in many ways such as rock-bottom image producing time helps decrease the incidences of artefacts, especially motion. Many times posture of the patient for imaging makes him/her uncomfortable. Hence, reduced image acquisition time is quite helpful. 2) Spectral

Before Sunset Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Before Sunset - try on ExampleThe movie has rightfully earned great critical acclaim for portraying the lives of two individuals, who make do each(prenominal) other dearly but are always pulled apart because of their circumstances. Moreover, it was not just the diagram of the story that was laudable but the premise of the film march on entails several themes regarding the geographical and urban blueprint of the contemporary society that has greatly isolated people and restricted interaction on a day-by-day basis. Even in the past, films were tools that were used vastly as a means to promote a specific city or culture. The entire filming before sunrise was done in Paris, providing insight into how urban structure seems to have affected the lives of the masses.The film depicts the life of both the protagonists and the degree to which their lives had changed over the period of their separation. both Jesse and Celine portray contemporary individuals, who experience the rising pro blems of an urban society loneliness being one of the prime issues. This concept is called urban isolation, which arises as a result of the layout of our society that prevents social encounters and interactions. From architecture to the overall conversation network, modern civilization has been developed in such a way to protect the privacy of individuals that also making things easier for people often results in people becoming more and more distant from each other. As a matter of fact, from residential buildings to everyday travel, privacy and seclusion are marketed as an plus and this feature is being made more attractive that makes people want to achieve it.This aspect is apparent(a) in the movie through the segregation that is believed to have been prolonged because of this aspect of the society. From the first movie, both of them had been forefront towards opposite directions, although their circumstances kept them from reaching out to each other, but the period of their separation was further

DQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

DQ - Essay ExampleThe manager must because supervise them closely and let them know that they be under constant observation in stray for them to be productive. The research underinterpreted shows this to be false. Managers spend much of their quantify not only directing their subordinates that interacting likewise with peers, superiors, and people outside the organization. It highlights the role of planner, which is a good deal relegated by common notion to the background.Secondly, it is generally taken for granted that a managers work is easy and light considering they do not do the hands-on job their subordinates do. They stay in the office at their desks and just wait for results. However, as the instruct shows, a managers job is rarely an idle one. Managers are constantly bombarded with problems, requests, and contingencies to address, often and requiring mobile decision-making. Sometimes the elevated position the manager has over a private unit tasked with a single func tion lends one to believe that he is an expert in his field and thus his tasks is specialized. The study proves the contrary, however, that the regular manage is a generalist, called to address issues and demands of varied and fragmented nature, requiring multifaceted skills technical, financial, and human relations included.The manager is often seen as a navigator of sorts whose principal task is to plan the details of his unit. It is often thought that the to a greater extent carefully the plans are prepared and forward-looking activities such as training are undertaken, the less time and effort he spends doing repair management. That just is not so, according to the research. Much of the managers activities are described by the study as reactive rather than proactive in nature, pertaining to a greater extent to adjustments, adaptations, and damage control. This causes

Employee Voice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employee Voice - study ExampleThis calls for change in organizations strategies to enable the organization to respond to the changes in a timely and elastic manner. To achieve this, an organization needs to gain work ramp commitment by enabling them to have a voice on matters that affect them. Employees have, therefore, been empowered by involvement and participation in organization closing making process by the use of direct or indirect voice mechanisms. The paper depart discuss the employee voice mechanisms in use today and the outcome of such mechanisms for workers. The employee voice literature began with Hirschman in the 1970s and was further popularised by Freeman and Medoff in the 1980s. Dundon et al (2005) views employee voice as an articulation of several(prenominal) dissatisfaction, expression of corporal organization, contribution to decision making, and mutuality. To articulate dissatisfaction, an individual has only two options according to Hirschmans exit-voice t heory he can decide to exit or stay and fight from within by voicing his concerns. Hirschman (197030) therefore refers to voice as any attempt at all to change earlier than escape from an objectionable state of affairs whether through individual or collective petition to charge. ... The role of management is to provide voice mechanisms for workers so as to air their opinions. Freeman and Medoff (1984) built on Hirschmans theory of exit-voice to emphasize the importance of having a collective voice in organizations especially through trade unions. This form of voice mechanism entails negotiations between employees and employer through the union and has many advantages. The union helps to slew exits wherefore retention of qualified staff thus minimising on hiring and learn costs. The employment contracts negotiated through collective bargaining also protects the employees interests thus enhancing cooperation and job security. The union can also assist the management in introductio n of new work practices thus minimising resistance to change (Bennett & Kaufman, 2007). However, unions also can manage to force the organization to increase wages above competitive levels hence a loss to the company. Moreover, most of the workers nonionised in unions are dissatisfied with their jobs since the union leaders raise their job outcome expectations beyond what is realistic. jibe to Rose (2007), there is increased decline in unionisation as new sectors emerge hence making unions unrepresentative of employee voice. Many organizations are non-unionized and apply alternative voice mechanisms such as communication, training and development, attitude surveys, financial participation, and quality circles. However, employee voice is driven by various factors. The availability of voice mechanisms in the organization is a key driver of voice as employees can utilise various fashion to air their grievances but management support is required. For example, the management can put u p suggestion boxes to explicate their opinions and adopt a culture of

US embassy safety after the 1998 US embassy bombings in Tanzania and Essay

US embassy safety after the 1998 US embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya - Essay ExampleThe Foreign policies of countries argon deciden to generally be made up and designed in order to help protect that countrys national interests, national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity.However it is common knowlegde that that target occur only and only in the result which would be of peaceful cooperation and interaction with other nations, and to the contrasted through exploitation and ultimately War. unmatchable can easily assume that foreign policies are as old and ancient as the society of humans itself. The century known as the twenthieth century has seen a fast rise in the importance and the need of foreign policies, with every nation in the demesne now having the means, methods and ability of being able to interact with one another in some form. at that place fore it is vital that one keeps a close check on the bills and formal agreements that are passed amid v arious countries. And the kind of effect that those bills and other agreements have on the relationship and over all views and feelings of the tidy sum belonging to those countries.This should be done so that devestating attackes and other tragedies can be avoided based on the effects of certain agreements and bills. Some agrrements and decisions taken on the basis of foreign polivy often cause the economy of every one or both countries involved to go down this in turn takes down the take aim of employment and ultimatley effects the quality of life for general public. This causes hatred and anger in the hearts of the hoi polloi towards the people of the othercoutry and drastic expression of such hatred takes the shape of suicide and mass destruction bombings. One take on a foreign policy move which effected relationships between countries can be seen through the carrying out of the Trade and lifting of trade barriers, as trade amongst coutries is the number one means of interac tion there fore it holds great importance in the formation of zforeign policies. The Bill in questin here is the implementation of NAFTA. The terms and conditions of NAFTA have long been the basis form shaping the relationships between the United States and its neighbouring countries. Some highlights of NAFTA are given below.Approved in November 1993 and brought into effect on 1 January 1994 NAFTA or the North American relax Trade Agreement a triangular agreement holds Canada, Mexico and the United States as its members. Its approval will see a Drastic change in the economics of these three nations. NAFTA basically draws rules and guidelines between Mexico, Canada and the United States for the emptying of trade barriers regarding goods and originating from within North America. Barriers such as Health and safety standards, import taxes and import/ export laws. NAFTA aims at gradually reducing these barriers to the extent of making them non-existent between the member nations. It called of studyity of the tariffs and remove restrictions from major categories such as motor vehicles, computers, textiles and agriculture. HISTORY AND ADDITIONSProvisions regarding Investment restrictions between the three countries also cut removal and intellectual property safety saw new heights (patents, copy writes and trademarks). It being trilateral means that all stipulations equally applying on all members. Further more provisions regarding the protection of labor, workers and the environs were added later on to the agreement. This gave rise to the formation of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC). Founded on the basis of concerns from the environmentalists that companies would either relocate to Mexico or that the United States would lower its standards if all three countries

First Time in College Essay Example for Free

First Time in College shewCollege is extremely different from mettlesomeer(prenominal) school creating new friends, dealing with more school work, and being responsible. In some tracks it can be a good thing but it can be a frightful thing as well. It is one of the biggest challenges most teenagers go away encounter to be booming in life. After all those four years of high school, it is now the time to join the ranks of the high school graduates who have chosen to achieve a higher education. Some might think it is actually exciting while others might have a different opinion about it.Regardless of how they feel, being able to find college is the primary step to the real world. As what Jason Rich, author of The Everything College Survival Book, has mentioned, This is the time when you ar making that life transition from living at rest home with your pargonnts to becoming an adult. It is most likely that these affright words will haunt a high school graduates though t until the commencement exercise day of college. Still, there are plenty of ways to deal with the hardships a student may manifestation while walking into college the first time.One of the foremost things on any students mind is that you do non know anyone, unless you have a couple of friends that decided to engender the same curriculum as you. The thing is, so does everyone else You can see this as the perfect opportunity to meet and exact new friends that can help you get through this last chapter of your studying days. Like everybody else, many students are nervous and no one talks to anyone on the first day of classes. However, students try to overcome that revere and take a risk. In the end it will all be worth it and as all(prenominal) semester passes by, most of them might last the best of friends or even roommates if they live away from home. If for some savvy it does not work out during the first week, try to attend on-campus events or sign up for outside activi ties. This way you can meet and connect with a bunch of great people, not only from your architectural plan but also from the entire school.Another difficulty many students may deal with is feeling overwhelmed by the sheer volume of work they may receive during the first month. During those 30 days, the course load is very much harder compared to the amount of work in high school. For example, on the first day, the professor has already designated an assignment that will be due in the next couple of classes. In addition to that, another instructor from a different class might say there will be a test on the same day the assignment is due. Hearing this right after a long summer gap will definitely overwhelm a students mind, especially if he has come now out of high school. Therefore, before the stress keeps piling up, students may have to find a way to make adjustments to their old study habits. A great deal of effort must be put down in each of their work and must not waste tim e. After all, no one would transcend a huge amount of money on college just to fail.In addition, going to college will widen you to brand new freedoms that require a higher level of maturity and responsibility. In comparison to high school, no one is going to check if you have done your homework or if you have canvas for a major test. If the instructor says when the due date is going to be, that is the only day you can lead your work and there will be no exceptions unless there is an emergency then that will be a different story. There is a very limited opportunity that an instructor will take his time assisting hundreds of students. Although college life is about meeting new people, it is extremely important to know your boundaries and do not let your social life interfere with your studies. Managing your time well and being able to organize justly will be a great help to be able to go through college without a problem.As previously mentioned, there are various differences bet ween high school and college. Attending classes could become more difficult due to the unusual atmosphere and having more independence. However, despite the numerous challenges that come with having a fresh start in college, believing that you belong is the best way to overcome them. Given the time to adjust to all the changes, sooner or later, students will start to feel right at home in the new environment. College will be a way to help students shape their individuality and tack them for the worst possible scenarios in the competitive world. Thus, high school graduates that decided to cross the bridge to attend college are one step closer to become successful in life.

European effect on American-Indian cultures and religion in the 17th century Essay Example for Free

European effect on American-Indian cultures and religion in the 17th ampere-second EssayThe historical takings of Europeans during the 17th century was synonymous to providing fundamental influence to the American- Indian and especially the sensitive England. This was picture of the apparitional rejuvenation that went across to these cultures as affected by the Europeans. Historically, the early European missionaries brought quite a vast innovation of exercise in the eastern parts of North America as at 17th century. However, cutting England was perhaps the central point with which much(prenominal) influence was mostly affected.This was from the long activity of religious autonomy campaign by the European with the Puritans who wanted to make a win to the Massachusetts, Wampanoags, the Nipmucks, and similarly the New France. Elsewhere, the Jesuits were in their dreary efforts of making a conversion to the nation of Huron. From the encounters of evaluation promulgate from these devil races of religious encounters, it is passively implied that the European missionaries had a substantial colonial influence and expansion across the broad analysis of the European colony.This excessively led to an influential changes in the approach mechanism in which the Europeans by means of the French Jesuits as well as the English Puritans undertook to ignite religious influence in India. 1 Though the religious using triggered to the New England by the Europeans in the 17th century have largely been outspoken by legion(predicate) scholars, Bruce Trigger came in the 18th century to determine the phenomenal dispensation as prototyped by many old scholars. This is from the new findings in the fundamental relationship between Jesuit-Huron in the Indians of the New England.Socio-stintingally, New England had its settlement based on primary societal independence and families who were middle farmers. They had an adherence to a radical stir of nominal accreditati on where their colonial autobiography was defined by the voluntaristic Puritanism to their creationual purposes. Historically, the seventeenth century European missionaries are credit to the creation of the more adoring community for the American Indian in New England.This is exampled by the protestation by the militant European groups in the Europe which sensitized a harmonious state of living for the plurality with a call for iodin anothers divinityly relationship and in pursuit of the character laws. 1 However, the epochs of the people embracing Christianity was never a sincere activity for the Indians who disagreed of the hefty Christianity exhortations by the European missionaries. However, their will to embracing Christianity would barely be subject voted by the religious development into Christianity of such ordinary people at heart the Indians population in England.This culture was smack bound to the people and that 90% of the total population in Massachusetts wer e largely obliged to such exemplary life led by the ordinary settlers. However, from 1616-1619, Wampanoag Indians started providing radical changes to their religious autonomy to start braggy into a great depth of the Christianity philosophies and teachings brought by the Europeans. 2 The religious divine-ship of the American-Indians in the 17th century was credited to the worshipping of beasts.However, the coming in of the European missionaries in the spread of Christianity was a benchmark in support for a revolution and the long held system of religious sacrifice by the people. The conception and religious importance held on sentient beings as their gods also implies the benchmark and the stepping-stone for the start of King Philip War in the 17th century. To the American-Indians, animals were important germ religious sanctity. Accordingly, the domestication of pigs and also cattle was a big historical malady in cause the religious outcast and the call ups of the Indians in the New England by the 17th century.The effect of these domesticated animals did not wholly provide change in environmental conception where the other animals were hunted and killed above been moved in the forests to provide a humble environment for the pigs and also cows to adequately graze. The religious conception of these people in New England forrader the Europeans intervention in the 17th century was defined in parametric measures of the domesticated animals. These animals brought exorbitant changes to the land and its resource environment.Elsewhere, they had a great religious impact where the peoples minds, hearts and also their behavior changed considerably with the effect of the broad array of the effect brought by animals. Animals had a long held spiritual endowment. They provided sanctification to the people when they consumed them. However, these were traditions whose effect was to readily be uprooted by the incoming of the Europeans. The American-Indians in New Engla nd by 17th century had a description of Manitou for many animals such as foxes, deer, rabbits and the bears.New England had a great religious regard and adoration in which they described the nominal deities to even take the animal forms. They consequently had mingled adorns to various symbolic images by certain animals or even specific animal body part. Animals had a preferential significance of power and a brim of ornamental conception which profit the religious autonomy of the Indians in the New England in 17th century. In their folklores as well as Christian cosmologies, animals had a great figuration.For example, the Christ crucifixion blood was commemorated by the red breasts of the robin. Elsewhere, bad dowery was signified by crows as well as black cats. Again, the disturbing portents to the death were implied by the ravens, owls and pigeons. A change in weather was fundamentally depicted by swallows, dogs and pigs. 3 The pre- military issue of the Europeans in New Engla nd therefore was a companionate imagery of a long implied perception which was in the nature proclaimed by animals.The regular interaction with the animals by the Americans Indians was therefore allied to developing fortunes of human expectations in the correspondence of the various behavioral conceptions that were in these animals. Due to the religious implication and relationship with animals by these people, they had a greater diversity of imminent relationship with the animals than on a divine being. This is perhaps the reason behind their short prompt rejection of the Christianity by the European missionaries in the 17th century.The emergence of these Europeans was preaching on the believe in a divine supernatural being who was provided implied through mere religious believe and adoration. To them, a believe in such a being operating beyond the framework of the physical environment was only a mythological imagery and could not act to provide such a strong religious and godly foundation to what they had on animals. To the Europeans, a great transplantation of civilization echoed in New England. This was a formal compound of change in the speech formalities of the old word, religious and also politics.The nature of the New England is historically described as getting its fundamental shape from the influence of the old mankind shape by the Europeans. Through their implications, civilization and renaissance which was characterized by change in the religious, semipolitical and economic backgrounds was presently ever-changing to trance more coherent position of living in New England. The emergence of Europeans in the New England was a concise drive to reformation where the ties bound by the pilgrim colonial was instanter to be abandoned.This was the foremost trend which fostered great sigh of changing New England primitivism. It was the impact of the shaping marionette of protestant revolution hinged to the old and native European revolters that enter ed the New England. 8 The fatal implications of the Europeans in the England were the basal landmark of renaissance which saw various structures including religious and political autonomy. The surging Europeans in New England brought a great drive of religious awakening.They highly helped to break down the ties of the effect of colonization entrenched to many godly doctrines than a fundamental pursuit of economic autonomy. The so called the English Puritans were the injecting power in which the Indians got a favorable renaissance reshaping that even provided a better room for expansion into the broad old grounds system of identity. To the Europeans, waging spiritual life to the Indians in the New England was perhaps the most important go ahead step which was even to help see the state in a changing periphery.The tendency of European missionary in New England was to transplant a divine worship system of Christianity which would capture various fundamental aspects such as praying, self studying as well as try against various remote evil inclinations to the ships company. The essence of evangelism to the American-Indians was to provide new grounds of spiritual conceptions on the idols sovereignty in which it was seen as a tool for absconding the dogmatism fed to the traditional society of the medieval traditions.The essence of been a protestant was to move as per the codes of absolute standards and sovereignty as promulgated by the will of the God and not the dogmatic apprehension of false gods held by the Indians in worshipping animals. In a light spot, the religious awakening in believe of God among these people came into growth in the mid 1630s. This was a revolution and renaissance adjudication which was perhaps rejuvenating the traditionalism and the religious backwardness operating within the societal structures of American Indians. Basically, the European Puritans had a lot of religious conceptions to pass over to the people.At the previous(a) 1930 s the New England old worlds conceptions were directly changing with the people developing a mysterious imagery and preconception of the divine God. The people were developing an essence of humanity build on will of immanent God. There was a revolution adversity in believe of such a supernatural being which even led to changing structures of the societal imagery to incorporate to a greater depth a mysterious soaking up and believe of a wonderful God. The teaching of the puritans about God was that He was compelled of love with a low preoccupation of vengeance as well as cruelty.The teachings by the European missionaries about God were standing to develop a fundamental strength. The American-Indians grasped the immanent sovereignty of such a God which gave them a special accord providence. The basic concept that would however draw them international from the will of such a divine God was the effects of sins which were the activities done by them and went against the will of this G od. The emergence of Christianity in New England was however compounded by the influence of secular concerns. The people had precepts and contributions into farming home-building, system, practicing folk music as well as trading.With the new strength of absorbing a believe in God, globe contentment through Godly pleasure was direct beginning to be a precious preoccupation amongst a diverse outlay of sources of pleasure. They turned to worshipping such vengeful God with deep characteristics of personal tenderness. With the changing believe and imageries on God, the people were starting to observe other structures such as economy and also state governance as facets proclaimed by the command and will of God. This engineered revolutionary autonomy in both civil as well as civil factors within the New England.Through this outlay, the Indians started to reshape their thinking about the conception on the Gods will for the state of governance and state leaders as shadowed to strong beli evers. From this new development in the societal conception, the inhabitants of Massachusetts utter had the establishment of a theocratic site for Puritans which would even help to strengthening the spread and development of Christianity within the community at a faster status. This was the first trading corporation held in England and whose administration was only alleged to specific personalities proclaimed of having a strong hood of religious authority.However in 1645, political crisis developed to subdivide the New England into two. Those who proclaimed the foundation of Christianity and those who did not. However, in a speech by Winthrop in 1645, the state religious believe was liberal and capturing two outlooks the natural conception which was the state of the old believe of the natural god and the federal which was personal liberty of exercise his/her religious imageries. The natural liberty provided ones choice on either well or even evil. Through this believe, one was to pass growing evil.However, the federal was a preconception aimed at creating honesty and good. 5 Analytically, the European Puritanism had two impacts of development in New England. These were both orthodoxy as well as nonconformity. The orthodoxy implication had its development throughout the exclusively 17th century which was a controversial development on the state of reformation to protestant. The nonconformity concept was alleged to the influence of religious development to the impact of preventing conscience liberty to think and do as peoples wishes.Generally, the emergence of the European Puritans in the New England was a crucial preoccupation which provided a yard for change in the social structures in England. The philosophical dogmatism held in the modalities of state leadership and governance, religion, economic standard was now given an important boost through the changes in the peoples conception about the divine relationship with God. Various philosophical theories of statements such as absolutism were now eroded. Accordingly, the state of governance in the state was modeled from the changing perceptions prototyped from the states of religious autonomy from the people.The New England was in a state of revolution with a model for social revolutions and compactness driving the society before outdoing the prehistoric sediments which were compounded mythologies about the state of the cosmos and the universe. Through the new gazing fundamental conceptions, the people were now developing new formalities of society governance where the society would engage in the broad governance as opposed to the role of absolutist king who dwelt in the control of the society.The state of the society was now beginning to reshape in the manner with which social contracts were now beginning in the development from their status of natural state of liberty as well as the regulation by the civil society. Therefore, European missionaries can be described as providing an ela borate tool for revolution, renaissance and changing social status in which the old world mythological conception of the society was getting a reawakening to newer and a more development conscious stakeholder-ship. The government and development structures of the New England are absolutely rooted to what Europeans did for it

The way in which the theme of prejudice is presented Essay Example for Free

The way in which the theme of bias is presented EssayFrom your instruction of the novel so far, (up to and including chapter four), comment on the way in which the theme of preconceived idea is presented.The subject of prejudice is unmatched of the major themes throughout the novel Of Mice and Men. There are three main characters that suffer prejudice from others, although this isnt always intentional. Crooks, Candy and Curleys wife are all examples of characters that are ramifyd against, whether because of race, sex, age or appearance. Lennie receives close to prejudice, stock-still not nearly as much as the others.Candy is the oldest of all the ranch workers, and has lost his stack (presumably in a working accident), so because is resigned to be the swamper, as he cant do anything more. Because of this, he is isolated from the other workers in the bunkhouse due to his age and disability, and has draw incredibly lonely.Candy is one of the three pairings in the novel, a relationship that is quickly destroyed. At the ledet of the novel, he is not as lonely as his old sheepdog provides company for him so his seclusion does not affect him hugely. However, in chapter 3, the other members of the group pressure him into throw ining Carlson to shoot his dog, on the basis that he Dont know nothing that stinks so bad as an old dog. Although Candy loves his dog and doesnt want it dead, he eventually gives up and allows Carlson to use up away his dog and shoot it.This shows how desperate he is for the other workers to interchangeable him more that he would allow his only real friend on the ranch to be killed just to please the others in the bunkhouse. This likewise shows the amount of prejudice Candy suffers it was inevitable that his dog was going to be killed, and if it had come to it he credibly would have had no say in the matter. The event is foreshadowing of the fact that Candy is also old, and he too will die sooner than any of the other men. Fu rther prejudice is seen as tenuous offers him another dog from his new litter of puppies. The other ranch workers cannot see his misery, and treat him more like an animal by simply offering to replace what has been lost.Another of the victims of prejudice is Curleys wife, who is never given a name during the novel, to show that she has become one of Curleys possessions in the eyes of the workers, and, like all women, could never be treated as an equal. She is treated rattling harshly, suffering much verbal violence, for example being referred to as a bitch, tramp, poison, jailbait and a looloo. Most of these names are said in a cruel way, in time some are merely how the workers refer to all women in general. Because of the neglect that she is given by everyone on the ranch, she dresses flamboyantly in order to gain some of the attention that she craves. She is said to have full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, hard make up. She wears a lot of red, which is a symbol of danger a nd also is a vibrant blazon that may get her noticed.Also, it is very similar to a description of Mae West a film star at the time. When Curleys wife first meets George and Lennie she put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. This is done only so that people will notice her for her good looks and therefore (she hopes) will pay her some attention. Instead they are all rude to her behind her back as their only real experience with women is at the local brothel, where women are treated more as objects, and so because of this, the workers associate her with prostitution and treat her with no respect. Like most women, she is considered to have hidden dangers one of the ranchers describes how Andys in San Quentin now on account of a tart.Lennie, although he receives a small amount of prejudice, still holds some respect, as the other workers fear his strength, especially after he crushes Curleys hand. However, behind his back, re ferences are often made about the fact that George and him travel together, implying that he wouldnt be able to do anything on his own and George himself says legion(predicate) times how childlike and dependant he is.A character that receives a large amount of inconsistency is Crooks, simply because he is black. Much of this is not intentional, names such as nigger are jet language to use amount the ranch workers, and they use it without considering the affect it has on Crooks feelings. He is treated awfully in the novel and is forced to live in a small shed with the animals. He has become a proud, aloof man and is rude to everyone as they are rude to him. He is clearly very lonely, and for good reason- the only time that he is allowed into the bunkhouse with the others is at Christmas so that they can beat him up, and get merriment out of watching him behave like an animal. The only people in the book who dont instantly discriminate him because he is a nigger are Candy and Len nie, Lennie only because he doesnt know how.Crooks is still deadly and rude to them though, because he is afraid of being friendly to people because he no longer trusts anyone to collapse the friendliness. When Lennie comes into Crooks makeshift home, Crooks is instantly very rude to him. However, when Candy also wants to talk to him, Crooks found it hard to forbear his pleasure with anger, showing that Crooks actually enjoyed the company. He starts to come out of his shell and even asks to be single out of Lennies dream, but then Curleys wife enters and is met with nothing but rude comments. This causes her to become defensive and she is very overbearing to Crooks, causing him to retire into the terrible protective dignity of the negro. He is put in his place, and refuses to be disjoint of the dream, because, as he says, I wouldn want to go no place like that.

Global inequalit, and caste systems Essay Example for Free

Global in extend toit, and coterie systems Essay cast the trend in global diversity over the course of the last century. Based on where we pee-pee been and where we are now, predict where the world may be a century from now. What prediction would modernization system support? What about dependency theory? What do you think volition happen? Why? presently describe the main characteristics of caste systems and flesh systems. How are these types linked to different kinds of economic production (agrarian versus industrial technology)? In what ways are people in class systems more equal than those in caste systems? What are the different justifications for inequality in each case?Question 1Global inequality has been on the lift over the away century with the boom of the industrial and the information revolution. Countries known as the first world welcome far surpassed third world countries.Modernization theory points out those countries that had been the poorest cast devel oped and have become richer due to the trade expansion and industrial revolution. This trend will rise in countries that have the technology to pursue this fast pace movement but countries that do not have the technology will see almost no change at all. I hope this trend will continue.Question 2In the class system people are equal because more competition is at hand. People are only held back by the amount of ability they wish to expel to their careers or life style.In caste systems people are placed into pre-determined situations such(prenominal) as work or marriage purely based on who they have been born to and what their families have done for a living.The main characteristic of a caste system is based on despotic placement.People are made to marry only others from within their own race such as in South Africa, and India.In a caste system, a son of a plumber will be a plumber. However, some characteristics of the caste system are seen here in the United States, which is a cla ss system. Examples of this would be clearly the George W. Busch family and the Robert Kennedy family. Both are considered powerful political families created by passing beat from one generation to the other their political influences and by marrying into other rich and influential families.What justifies caste and class systems are economics. Countries that depend on farming benefit from a caste system, because farming would be past down from one generation to the other making it to be more productive.Industrial nations on a class system use the most qualified persons from any class or social assembly based on their individual achievements and not solely based on birth. Therefore, a baker may have a son who makes great strides in science and help the nation develop.

The Role of Communication Essay Example for Free

The Role of confabulation EssayEffective chat is playing nowadays one of the most important roles in organizations and companies, because it is the however source of mutual understanding among employees and customers, directors and suppliers, etc. Effective communication arouses great interest comp atomic number 18d with that of several decades ago.It meat that the future success of a person mainly depends on his ability to use language and to guide usefully not only at bottom organization/company, but also across cultural boundaries. merely learning how to communicate effective isnt limited only to one organization, because, for example, learning cross-cultural communication suggests how cultural traditions and patterns are understood and how cultural values may affect the process of communication. Learning effective communication is nowadays necessity, not only an option. Lots of spheres are influenced by communication involving, for example, health occupy providers, b usinesses, educational institutions, social service agencies and non-governmental organizations. Modern world recognizes and appreciates the role of language that is played in maturation communication beyond cultural boundaries. Studying of effective communication will help to achieve goals within and outside the native country. (Managing Communication)Understanding how to communicate effectively will help to promote creating smoothly on the job(p) project teams responding to customers, clients, and markets living and working in a culturally diverse world. Effective communication skills are really important as well as learning of cultural customs and traditions of the country, because they will financial aid in better companys performance either in domestic or world-wide market.In a modern swiftly changing world commonwealth and cultures are circulating and interacting as at a really dizzying speed. Those people who know how to use language and how to communicate effectively u se up a crucial advantage over others. As it was mentioned, communication is the greatest luxury given to people. (Managing Communication)ReferencesManaging Communications. (1996, August). Peace Watch, 2, 5, 1-2.

Lockheed Martin Essay Example for Free

Lockheed Martin EssayQuestion By laying of Lockheed Martin employees, does it move the future sales of the company? Articles Lockheed Martin Not Giving Layoff Notices, At White House Request, Lockheed Martin Drops Plan to roll in the hay Layoff Notices, and Lockheed Martin threatens big cuts I. IntroductionThe Lockheed Martin Corporation ousted its incoming chief executive, Christopher Kubasik, for having a close relationship with a subject at the defense contractor. They forced him to resign after the investigation found it to be improper conduct, which violate Lockheed Martins code of ethics. However, Mr. Kubasik felt that his affair did not interfere in any way with his trading performance. There have recently been some budget cuts at the Pentagon, and contractors are trying to adjust to the changes. The Lockheed Martin directors upgrade promoting Ms. Hewson, a contractor because they believe she performs well in other management roles. She had been with Lockheed since 1983, and will immediately cause president and chief operating officer of the corporation.II. FindingsA. Layoffs (finding 1)1. Pending job cuts2. Warnings (the WARN Act)3. little payB. cypher cuts (finding 2)1. Reduction in Pentagon spending ($500 billion)2. Minimized the potential for waste and disruption associated with the issuance of unwarned layoff notices.3. Less spendingC. Smaller workforce1. 18% little2. Hiring pace is slower3. Fewer jobs available = smaller workforceIII. AnalysisA. Stakeholder analysisB. Cost-benefit analysisC. Six thinking hatIV. ConclusionBased on the findings and analysis, by laying off Lockheed Marin employees, it would affect the corporation and future sales negatively. Since there will be mass job cuts, the company will slowly start to deteriorate and will fall away altogether.

Oprah Winfrey Essay Example for Free

Oprah Winfrey EssayOprah Winfrey, born on a farm in Mississippi to a teenage mother in 1954 came from nothing yet again is the worlds most roaring lady who is a role model to many and has make it on her own. She is a success story, some single who has made history on American telly by producing and hosting her own TV appearing, The Oprah Winfrey Show the show has won her countless awards and praises since its start in the course 1987. It is the top ranked show on television till this day (Oprah Winfrey Biography, 2006). She runs her own company.She has been the richest African American lady and the only Black billionaire in the world at one cartridge holder and the most super paid television host today. Success and Oprah have been together from the longest time. She has managed to win the hearts of entirely the Americans today with her hard work, determination, and dedication and confidence and has become the most watched television celebrity. She has been ranked the mo st prestigious lady of the 20th century from the past five grades by the Time magazine (Oprah Winfrey Biography, 2006).She is considered as someone who can bring an enormous change because her popularity is beyond the pop culture and she has the capability and credibility to influence others. She has left a mark on everyone. Leadership is the ability to influence others by gaining the religion and support of the followers and Oprah has been able to do that. She is a born leader. She has all the attributes to become a successful leader and she has proved it to the world. It is her leadership qualities only that she has been able to maintain the standard of her show and live up to the expectations of her viewers.She runs a show, is an owner of a magazine, shes into movie production, is a successful actress and all of these are her moneymaking businesses. She has become a brand name. She has set an example of being a superior and effective leader. She is legal and an educated lad y, she is self confident she knows what shes talking about. She has spoken on all kinds of issues on her show and brought the facts and figures in front of the world (Oprah Winfrey Biography, 2006). She is a stable lady, and flexible and honest and has an internal locus of control.She had the set and believes in herself. She has the ability to understand others therefore she has created social awareness such as her effort to annex the awareness of child abuse where she was honest and bold enough to share her own child toughie incident in front of the world. She has the communication skills to convince others and leave an impact and create a contact with the masses. During the time of Hurricane Katrina she made an appeal to everyone to openly donate and everybody did. Oprah runs her own charity too.She is a woman of high up energy she is running the show from the past sixteen years. Her role as the leader has been goal point and focused. She campaigned for Barack Obama last yea r. Only an effective leader can do so many things at one time. She takes timely decisions. She has adequate effort and talent and she knows how to spend it wisely. That is what leadership is all about. The queen of day time television has been an effective leader. She went through rough times during her childhood but she was a pessimistic and never lost hope.A validatory attitude is an effective leaders quality. Only when you yourself are positive you can motivate your subordinates. She was alert she wanted to create a change. She planned, organized, controlled and led while success followed her. She is smashing at what she is doing. Though she had all the fame and fortune this did not stop her from helping the under privileged. Oprah contributes millions of dollars every year for charities. She runs her own charity too. Good leaders make successful nations therefore the world needs much people like Oprah Winfrey.

The Pros and Cons of Setting Separate Private Company Essay Example for Free

The Pros and Cons of Setting reprinting sequestered alliance EssayWith the teaching of world economy, U.S.generally accepted accounting principles becomes more and more complex to reach public companies needs. Private companies cost a abundant fortune to compliance with U.S.generally accepted accounting principles. So, setting public-buck one-on-one accounting standards is a different issue debated for decades. it goes without saying that setting fresh separate accounting standards have its advantages and disadvantages.BackgroundIn USA, there atomic number 18 a large enactment of cloak-and-dagger companies, much more than public companies. As time goes, deficiencies exist in current generally accepted accounting principles to meet nonpublic companies to make pecuniary reporting. GAAP is extremely complex and onerous to nonpublic companies. Those orphic companies frustrated with being forced to spend a great amount of money on valuating nonphysical property, or spe nding hours on disclosures that users may not read. Therefore, cloistered companies owners cry for a sufficient and bewitch accounting standards meet their needs. In Jun 2006, The AICPA advocated for the need for setting a differential private lodge standards. Then, the Private Company Financial Reporting Committee ( PCFRC ), overseen by FASB, was formed to modify private accounting rules for private party. However, FASB overruled the PCFRCs recommendations numerous times.In this way, in early 2011, Blue Ribbon Panel ( a phrase committee of the Financial Accounting Foundation ) recommended to ready an autonomous board, directly overseen by FAF, to set crude accounting standards for private companies, instead of oversight by FASB. Later in the year, the FAF overruled blue ribbon card recommendation and proposed a new Private Company Standards Improvements Council(PCSIC), which throw out recommend changes and exceptions to standards FASB issued for private companies. But FASB quiesce have final say by ratifying The PCSIC suggests. After that, the AICPA have announced its disappointment about FAF disallowed establish Separate private accounting standards. And according to the new Deloitte survey, more than half of medium and small surface companies (respondents) believe there should be separate standards. So, the battle isnt endThe pros of setting private company accounting standardsFirst of all, unlike big GAAP, a small GAAP for nonpublic company can simplify private company reporting. With the development of world economy, U.S.GAAP become more and more complex to meet large multinational corporations and public corporations needs. However, many of those requirements are irrelevant to private companies. Users probably wont use much of information accountants prepared according to U.S.GAAP. Comparing with large companies, small companies compile those standards are expensive and time consuming. GAAP compliant financial statements are growing disproport ionately compare with the benefits of providing much(prenominal) financial statements to users of private company. So GAAP is not an ideal framework for financial reporting for private company.While, separate private accounting standards would limit unnecessary information, reduce costs. Additionally, according to American Law, GAAP must(prenominal) be followed by public companies, those trade their securities in public market, but not obligatory to nonpublic companies, they prepare financial statements based on other accounting standards for their users. In this way, some of private companies strictly follow GAAP, some of them follow GAAP to a certain extent, others avoid GAAP altogether by choosing other account system. This can cause several problems. For example the reliability of the accounting information cannot be guaranteed since different kinds of reference standards private companies choose. The increasing difficulties for users compare with competitors in alike indust ry.The Cons of setting private company accounting standardsTo begin with, private company might go public. If a private company combine with high quality GAAP from it started, going public wont be hampered to this company. However, if a private company adopts private accounting standards, instead of GAAP, the company must adjust its account according with GAAP before come in to market, and, without doubt, have less chance go public. In addition, the economics of a transaction should be accounted for in the same manner by all entities. In an economic transaction, events and destiny are same to seller and buyer, regardless of whether entity is pubic company or not. So, the manner of recognition and step in the transaction should not be influenced by its size, its status as a private entity, or its sources of capital.Moreover, if separate private company accounting standards are set, there is no way to compare private company financial statements with public company financial statem ent. Under a single set of U.S.GAAP, financial users, like investors and business owners, can easily compare their financial statements with similar entities financial statements in the same industry, which can provide great value. Finally, Complexity of GAAP is a problem for all companies, whether public or private. The compliance burden falls proportionally to private company, because they have fewer resources and some of GAAP relinquish to them. It is also complexity to public companies. So if public companies have to endure this, then so should private companies.Bibliography1. Norris, Floyd. Proposal Would Create New Accounting Standard-Setter for Private Companies. The New York Times. The New York Times, 04 Oct. 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. 2. Hood, Tom. Private Company GAAP? Time to Pay Attention. Macpa. Macpa.org, 07 Dec. 2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. 3. Pounder, Bruce. The Big Risks of Little GAAP Accounting CFO.com. CFO.com. CFO.com, 2 Dec. 2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. 4. Zanzig, Jef frey S, and Dale L. Flesher. GAAP Requirements for Nonpublic Companies. Nysscpa. Nysscpa.org, May 2006. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. 5. Small or Mid-Size Private COmpanies Indicate Preference for Separate Accounting Standards Deloitte Survey. Galegroup.com. Investment Weekly News, 8 Aug. 2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. 6. Beckwith, George. Is a separate FASB for private company GAAP coming? Financial Executive Oct. 2010 66+. Academic OneFile. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.

Building models for integration in counseling Essay Example for Free

expression models for integration in counseling EssayAs we convey this punt week of Coun506 we ar exit to concentrate on building models for integration in counseling. Our beginning point in this is to understand much specifically how ourworldview impacts the models that we use in counseling. The air we interpret behavior has a lot to do with our worldview, and a lot to do with our expectations of our clients. One of the first steps in applying worldview nouss to counseling is that we have to begin to teleph wizard in terms of the bigger questions that are involved, starting off with Who am I? Those who approach the question of gay nature from a theological perspective think of people as created in the render of deity. The focus of those who are theologically-trained and oriented is the belief in people being a free macrocosm imbued with a free will, exclusively also as fallen beings created for a mapping. This is true even when we fool a soul in a counseling situation and it is clear by the worrys they are having or created for themselves that they are far from achieving the purpose for which they were created. It does not remove the fact that this is a person with a purpose for which they are created.From a psychological standpoint the question Who Am I? raises the issue of noeticity the imagination of humans as essentially a self, not a creation but a rational self. Some theories of psychology stresses that when people begin their lives, they begin as blank slates where from the moment they are born, their experiences, their environment, and their relationships begin to fill the pages of their mind and lives. So on that point is a sense in psychology that people are akin to self-creating social organisms that interact with people and systems around them.From the perspective of Christian ghostlyity, identity questions are phrased in terms of the spirit, in terms of the God-breathed breeding. Recall the image in Genesis where God forms Adam from the desktop and breathed life into him. That is an image specific to Christian Spirituality the notion of human beings as children of God and temples of the Holy Spirit. Next we nerve at the worldview question Where am I? referring to the world in which we live. From a theological perspective the world is considered to be a good creation by God In the beginning God created the eavens and the earth and God saw that it was good that phrase is repeated many propagation in that first chapter of the book of Genesis.When God created human beings he saw that it was very good. So it is a good world created by God that while still under His sovereignty, He has charged us to have dominion over the world. From the perspective of psychologists, the question is addressed in terms of two environments one being the internal environment of the person, or their individual heredity and the second being the external the physical, social, and relative environment in which they liv e.For Spirituality, the world is described as a community, while for us who are believers in Christ, our fundamental identifying terms of our environment is as members of the Body of Christ. It also emphasizes that the world in which we live and promise is not one realm, but that we exist in a two-realm world the physical world and the spiritual world. Rarely does anyone come to counseling simply for the fun of it, or because they have nothing else to do. Anytime you see a client, it is because they are having a line. Theologians looking from the Whats wrong with the world? perspective, refers to problems in the terms of sin and rising to Gods law. Jay Addams emphasize this in nouthetic counseling that anytime a person comes to you with a problem, the problem is sin. This problem of sin shows up not only in that individuals rebellion to Gods law, but also in terms of the larger work of Satan and the presence of evil in their life. Psychologists on the other hand emphasize that w hen a person is having problems, the fundamental issue is pointing toward some character of disorder, or their failure to cope in adequate ways, or they are living in a dysfunctional environment.In spirituality, when there is a problem in life, the problem is broken relationships and alienation from God, self, and others. The problem is also phrased in cosmic terms that in fact part of the problem in life is really the result of spiritual warfare or the result of quenching Gods command and comforting Holy Spirit. So where does that lead us in stressing solutions to our problems? In terms of theology, the way to deal with problems are solutions that only come from God. The grace of God is freely given to us, with the correct human response being repentance.Repentance leads to redemption in Christ, and then we can embark on the life-long impact of becoming sanctified, or more like Christ. From a psychological perspective, the solution to problems is known as self-actualization, or the notion that we are self-controlled persons who need to unleash the self within us. Then we can understand and trance our problems and recover through psychological interventions. Spirituality speaks of the solution to human problems in terms of communion with Christ, and rapprochement with others coming through abiding in the Spirit and through the power of prayer.Next we need to look at a change that has taken place over time from what is known as a modern worldview to a post-modern worldview. Here you see a simple typology comparing the two. This sort of typology is very valuable in counseling, especially concerning the various generations of our clients. Those who were born in the first part of the 20th century are much more likely to have a dominant modern view. Those born in the latter(prenominal) part of the 20th, or are just coming into adulthood now in the 21st century, typically lean toward the post-modern viewpoint.For those who come from the modern worldview, their focus is on the rational. If they can figure it out and think it through, whence they have the direction to live. They seek to discover the truth, and from that truth they THEN know how to live and make decisions. The precedence is on the individual, learning to be responsible for yourself and your own, not looking to others for help. Modern people believe that there is objective truth, and that we can be objective in our search for that truth.Modernists tend to think that there is a correct way to live, and that there is the possibility of living a moral life. On the other side, post-modernists whole tone that life is much more experiential. The real source in life is their experiences, not thoughts or reasonings. For example, my experiences are not the same as your experiences so my experiences are THE authoritative source for ME. Because of their emphasis on experience, they seek to understand life from their experiences and then to discern truth FROM those experiences. In ot her words their experiences become the authority for understanding truth.More and more they place an emphasis on community rather than individuality, which can be seen as a positive shift in the sense that seeking counsel from another person is acceptable instead of embarrassing. Also, post-modern people see life in subjective terms, in that there are many ways to live, all of equal value, and that it is arrogant to speak in terms of there being only one way to live. Now please keep in mind that what was just presented to you is a simple typology, a way of conceptualizing the shifts in thinking so if you see things a little other than from this, it is okay.It is simply a quick way to help you process the shifting of worldviews that is occurring in our lifetime. Be certified that there are five severalises to a Christian integrated worldview that you will be hearing close to throughout this course. To study a bit deeper on this, refer back to Entwistles book. The first as has bee n mentioned before that all truth is Gods truth this is key to a Christian worldview. The second is the notion that human abilities are gifts from God meaning we are not completely independent beings but are creations of God, so our abilities are gifts from our Creator and given to us for a purpose.A third key is the belief that human life is a unified whole, where clients are to be approached holistically and as part of a family and community. The fourth key focuses on the reality of sin, meaning human sin IS a limiting broker in all of our pursuits. This fifth and final key is humans and our behavior can be mum to a great degree through rational means, meaning through empirical observation, through scientific methods, and through the revelation we receive from God. Unfortunately, the way in which we interpret those facts is going to be limited and flawed because of our fallenness.

Drug Addiction Essay Example for Free

medicate habituation Es guessdo drugs AddictionThe topic that caught my attention when I was reading my choices was Drug Addiction. Drug abstraction is either(prenominal)thing that should not be forcen lightly by anyone who has a family member or friend with this issue. We often wonder how and what make state turn into being a drug sneak. Drug colony is rooted in long-term adaptations within the brain that promotes escalating drug determination, trouble quitting, and relapse solely despite the aw arness of negative consequences. With that being said I excite always wondered what keep a psyche going linchpin to their colony and why cant they quit. When I read the term and it mention how drug colony is rooted a light bulb clicked in my head. When approximatelything is rooted within of you whether it is for good or rubber it is hard to break.It was previously hypothe sized that habituation was ca apply in part of an imbalance surrounded by an impulsive system that governs appetitive motivation and is driven by immediate rewards on the one gene order and a reflective system that regulate and control impulsive according to future pleasur commensurate or aversive consequences. With this aim they were competent to predict the hypothesis and adjoin what causes addiction to happen in some cases. I think that the order employ in order to see how people become an addict was efficient and it was very precise that made the validity of the experiment a success. It is important to make incon showable that your occupy is conducted in a manner that will consider you a pretty accurate burden when using different look into methods. Also in the involve they took a sm either sample size of addicts who quit smoking after a brain injury and they had a criteria that asked them some simple headland and due to such a small sample size they were not able to get the ascendency effects could not be verified statistically due to the small sample siz e kindred I mentioned earlier.The results of this study gave great evidence that insula is critical for psychological processes that maintain addiction to cig artte smoke. I have experiencen people to have drug addiction and it just hurt your heart when you see them all strung come out of the closet and cant even serve well themselves. I have had family members and friends who have battled with this addiction. I postulate to question this addiction so that I can break how a person can overcome this type of addiction. Any addiction is hard to break it is going to take a lot of will power from the addict in order for them to be set free of this addiction. You never get along what could have pushed the addict into becoming a drugaddict. I want to be able to relate to an addict whether it is a friend, family member or just someone in general whom I would want to be able to help them overcome this addiction. Drug addiction is the most common addiction and I pure tone that if we get the proper research on how to give treatment to an addict thus maybe their chances of becoming free will be greater.I just want to be able to talk with them and see what I can do to help them overcome this disease. That is why it is important that we take all necessary measures when it comes to us trying to aid a person who is addicted to drugs. Drug addiction is something that I want to do research so we can come up with a method that can slow it down. I know that it can never exist but we could at to the lowest degree work on slowing it down. In the studies that I chose we will be dealing with how addicts can be treated to ethical drug(prenominal) pain medication. I hear some people talk roughly winning other people medication because they like the way it makes them feel and they become addicted to it. Addiction is bad whether it is drugs, food and or alcohol we all know how serious this can be to anyone. In this is term they be launching their large scale national st udy evaluating a treatment for addiction to prescription drugs. NIDAs National Drug Abuse Treatments Clinical Trials Network (CTN) is conducting the multi-site study known as the prescription drug Opiate Addiction Treatment Study (POATS). This study is in response to the growing national problem of prescription drug insult in this country.According to the 2005 National Survey on drug use and wellness the incidence of untested nonmedical users of pain relievers is now at 2.2 million Americans aged 12 and older transcendent the number of new marijuana abusers (2.1million). In 2005, more than six million Americans inform current (in the past month) nonmedical use of prescription drugs more than the number abusing cocaine, diacetylmorphine, hallucinogens, and inhalants combined. This clearly answers my question to how many people are addicted to prescription drugs versus to the other drugs. The data collected in this study shows that there are a lot of people addicted to prescripti on drugs and how it has increased and the results in this study show it. In this study the results showed that there were more people addicted to prescription drugs rather than your everyday drugs. I feel that this is giving everyone a clear view that prescription drugs that are for pain and can give you some kind of satisfaction can be addictive.This study covers avariety of areas like those addicted to painkillers and those who abuse painkillers due to nonmedical reasons. I found this study to be quite interesting because it will give us a general idea of the amount of people that are addicted to prescription drugs and those that take it for chronic pain and that are addicted. This study will enroll a total of 648 participants that will be carried out 11 sites around the country. The outcome of this study will be very efficient for all to know just how many people are suffering from being addicted to some type of drug. The blink of an eye article let us know how much this diseas e is deeply rooted inside an addicts brain. Drug addiction is rooted in long-term adaptions within the brain that promotes escalating drug use, difficulty quitting, and relapse all despite the awareness of negative consequences. This article will answer my question as to why do addicts keep going back to that alike drug trying to get the same high as the first time. In this study it will explain the role of the insula in drug addiction as well.I feel that all data collected from this article will be informative and the results of the study will be concise and easy to follow and understand. I just trust with my two studies that it will conform enough information about drug addiction to where it will give clarity to what steps we can take to stop this trend in drug addiction. When we look back at the studies done on this particular study you try and think back at all the methods that we have learned in this class. It really makes a difference when you read about a research human b ody and now you are able to relate to the experimenter when you come across some of the studies. So furthest I think that the inclinations that the two studies I have written about couldnt research it any better with the methods they have chosen.I came across another study entitled Scientific and governmental challenges in North Americas first randomized controlled trial of heroin-assisted treatment of severe heroin addiction Rationale and design of the NAOMI study. This particular article consist of this study targeting long term opiod dependents who have attempt treatments conveniently in the past that are not currently in treatment who currently flash heroin. Now the sample size was based off of the outcome of the response and the retention. in that respect was said to be two primary variables in this study they were evaluated with an alpha threshold of 0.025 which determined about 114 evaluable patients per congregation which yielded about 80% power in order todetect incr ease of 20% of retention and response rate amongst the experimental groups provided. I think with the methods that they used they will have a broader testing ground in order to determine if the treatments are helpful to those that are an addict. This study involves a meta- synopsis of predictors of continued drug use during and after treatment of opiate addiction. In this study they used meta-analytic techniques in order to identify the risk factors that are given in this study. When it came to the design and measurements in this study it was a search of public literature that yielded 69 studies that reported some bivariate association between unconditional variables.I think when it comes to this type of research the clinicians and researchers try and make a way to prevent relapse and other issues that form when you become an addict. They want to try and come up with an intervention that will be able to help those that are in gather up. Thats why these studies are very important t o them and taken very seriously. The studies in this research for meta- abstract were researched through computerized databases that is said to have indexed published scientific reports and many other sources in order to accomplished their research. I think as far as the methods that are being used couldnt chose a better design to do There were also a total of six criterias that were met for the meta-analysis of this study. The independent variable clearly specified a single patient related construct, and not a conglomeration of multiple constructs. An example of a conglomeration is Suffet et.als (1978) conventionality variable that is based on four-spot distinct constructs (level of heroin use intake to treatment, number of arrest, type of residence and employment). We excluded from consideration independent variables that referred to treatment program types, policies, practices, personal and setting.This pretty much shows you the results and how they were able to determine if the treatment helped or not. In this study there were a total of 28 independent variables for which there was said to be two studies with the results on the relationship between the independent variable and continued drug use. This study has to do with cocaine addiction treatments to improve or reduce harm by (CATCH). This study is said to investigate possibilities and problems associated with pharmacological treatments. The methods and designs used in this study by (CATCH) consist of three separate randomized controlled, open label, parallel group feasibility trials,conducted at three separate addiction treatment institutes in the Netherlands. Patients are either new referral are already in treatment. With a total of 216 eligible outpatients are randomized using pre-randomization double-consent design and received either 12 weeks treatment with oral topiramate (n=36 Brijder Addiction Treatment, The Hague), oral modafinil (n=36 Arkin, Amsterdam), or oral dexamphetamine sustained rel ease (n=36 Bouman GGZ, Rotterdam) as an add on to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), or receive a 12 week CBT only (controls n= 3 x 36). With this design I am sure that they will come out with a pretty good analysis of if cocaine harms or improve those that are in treatment for this addiction. In this review it let us know up front that they are not going to be able to cover the whole clinical addiction arena or the parts dedicated to treatments. Although within this study there was a encounter of interest within the testing methods used inside this review. Personally when you are conducting a study on something with a broader view you will tend to have a conflict of interest with in your results.There are so many methods out there that you can use to conduct a study just depends on what you are trying to research. This is a different study and it aims to describe the derivation of new status rack up for the ASI. The design was 118 ASI -6 late(a) status items were subjected to n onparametric item response theory (NIRT) analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Generalizability and concurrent validity of the derived scores were determined. The sample size was 607 recent admissions to a variety of substance abuse treatment programs. I think that this study will a have great validity due to the fact that they used a variety of substance to test for this study. This is an interesting study which really caught my attention and this study aimed to explore the existential aspects of living with addiction. The design that was used in this study was called a Hermeneutic which I have never heard of this type of design apparently this was the right design that was chosen to do this study although I am not known with it. When it came down to the methods used it was based on interviews within the first study with rich, personal experienced addicts. later on the results it show that people living with addiction struggles with as long as it is existing wi thin them.This study is talking about giving addicts their choice of drug for a variety of reasons. Cant say that I would want to give an addict the drug of theirchoice because I would want to try and help them overcome their addiction and not contribute to it. In this study it mentioned that offering drugs to the addict and by them ascertain if they can say yes or no to the drug does not help them make progress they need something to undermine them in order to get the results they need. I think that all the studies and reviews mentioned in my paper are really good ones they all have the intention to try and come to a solution to destiny those that are addicted to drugs.Drug addiction like I mentioned earlier in my paper is a serious disease and it comes in many forms. I feel like this class has helped us learn that there are many methods and designs out there for us to be able to conduct a study or research and get the validity that we need to complete our study. ReferencesCaccio la, J.S., Alterman, A.I., Habing, B., McLellan, A.T. (2011). Recent status scores for version 6 of the addition severity index (ASI-6). Addiction, 106 (9), 1588-1602. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.comNaqvi, N. H., Bechara, A. (2010). The insula and drug addiction An interoceptive view of pleasure, urges, and decision-making. judgement Structure and Function, 214(5-6), 435-50. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com Nuijten, M., Blanken, P., Van Den Brink, W., Hendriks, V. Concaine addiction treatments to improve control and reduce harm (CATCH) New pharmacological Treatment Options for Crack-Cocaine Dependence in the Netherlands. BMC Psychiatry 11.1 (2011) 135. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com Nutt, D., Lingford-Hughes, A. (2008). Addiction The clinical interface. British Journal of Pharmacology, 154 (2), 397-405. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.comOviedo-Joekes, E., Nosyk, B., Marsh, D.C., Guh, D., Brissette, S., Gurtry, C.,Schechter, M.T. (2009). Scientific and political challenges in North Americas first randomized controlled trial of heroin-assisted treatment for severe heroin addiction Rationale and design of the NAOMI study. Clinical Trials, 6 (3), 261-71. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.comWalker, T. (2008). Giving addicts their drug choice The problem of consent.Bioethics, 22 (6), 31420. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.comWiklund, L. Journal of clinical nursing 17. 18 (Sep. 2008) 2426-2434. Existential aspects of living with addiction Part I merging challenges. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.comDrug abuse, NIDA launces first scale national study to treat addiction to prescription pain medications. (2007). amiable Health Weekly Digest, 23-23. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com