Understanding The Objectives Of Trade Unions

Understanding The Objectives Of take Unions backing piths represent individual workers when they keep a problem at work. If an employee feels he is being unfairly treated, he dismiss ask the matrimony representative to patron style out the difficulty with the manager or employer. Unions withal offer their members legal representation. Norm each(prenominal)y this is to help citizenry stun financial compensation for work-related injuries or to assist people who build to take their employer to court.Negotiation is where matrimony representatives, debate with watchfulness, the issues which affect people working in an organization. There may be a variance of opinion between instruction and union members. commerce unions negotiate with the employers to find out a tooth root to these differences. Pay, working hours, holidays and changes to working practices argon the sorts of issues that are negotiated. In many workplaces there is a formal parallelism between the union and the company which states that the union has the right to negotiate with the employer. In these organizations, unions are said to be recognized for collective bargaining purposes.Voice in decisions affecting workersThe economic security of employees is determined non only by the level of wages and duration of their employment, but also by the precautions individualised policies which entangle selection of employees for lay offs, retrenchment, promotion and transfer. These policies directly affect workers. The evaluation criteria for such decisions may non be fair. So, the intervention of unions in such decision making is a way through which workers can have their say in the decision making to safeguard their interests.Member servicesDuring the last few years, mess unions have increase the range of services they offer their members. These includeEducation and training Most unions visitation training courses for their members on employment rights, health and safety and othe r issues. Some unions also help members who have left school with little education by offering courses on basic skills and courses leading to master key qualifications.Legal care As well as offering legal advice on employment issues, both(prenominal) unions give help with personal matters, like housing, wills and debt.Financial discounts People can get discounts on mortgages, restitution and loans from unions.Welfare benefits One of the earliest functions of craftiness unions was to look after members who hit hard times. Some of the onetime(a) unions offer financial help to their members when they are sick or unemployed.3.2 Functions of trade UnionsTrade unions perform a number of functions in order to achieve the objectives. These functions can be broadly enlightenified into three categories(i) militant functions,(ii) Fraternal functions3.2.1 Militant FunctionsOne set of activities performed by share unions leads to the betterment of the position of their members in ta ttle to their employment. The aim of such activities is to regard adequate wages secure better conditions of work and employment and get better treatment from employers, etc. When the unions fail to accomplish these aims by the method of collective bargaining and negotiations, they shoot an approach and put up a fight with the management in the form of go-slow tactics, strike, boycott, gherao, etc. Hence, these functions of the trade unions are known as militant or fighting functions. Thus, the militant functions of trade unions can be summed up asTo achieve higher wages and better working conditionsTo raise the status of workers as a part of effortTo protect craunchs against victimization and injustice3.2.2 Fraternal Functionsanother set of activities performed by trade unions aims at rendering help to its members in times of need, and improving their efficiency. Trade unions try to boost a spirit of cooperation and promote friendly relations and diffuse education and culture among their members. They take up welfare measures for improving the morale of workers and generate egotism confidence among them. They also arrange for legal assistance to its members, if necessary. in like manner, these, they undertake many welfare measures for their members, e.g., school for the education of children, library, reading-rooms, in-door and out-door games, and other recreational facilities. Some trade unions all the same undertake publication of some magazine or journal. These activities, which may be called fraternal functions, depend on the availability of funds, which the unions raise by subscription from members and donations from outsiders, and also on their managent and enlightened leadership. Thus, the fraternal functions of trade unions can be summed up asTo take up welfare measures for improving the morale of workersTo generate self confidence among workersTo encourage sincerity and discipline among workersTo provide opportunities for promotion and ont ogenyTo protect women workers against discrimination3.3 vastness of Trade UnionsThe existence of a strong and recognized trade union is a pre-requisite to industrial tranquility. Decisions interpreted through the process of collective bargaining and negotiations between employer and unions are more influential. Trade unions play an Copernican role and are helpful in effective communication between the workers and the management. They provide the advice and support to ensure that the differences of opinion do not turn into major conflicts. The pennyral function of a trade union is to represent people at work. But they also have a childliker role in protect their interests. They also play an important educational role, organizing courses for their members on a wide range of matters. Seeking a healthy and safe working environment is also prominent feature of union activity.Trade unions help in accelerated pace of economic development in many ways as followsBy helping in the recruit ment and selection of workers.By inculcating discipline among the men.By enabling settlement of industrial disputes in a rational manner.By helping social adjustments. Workers have to adjust themselves to the new working conditions, the new rules and policies. Workers coming from different backgrounds may become disorganized, unsatisfied and frustrated. Unions help them in such adjustment.Trade unions are a part of society and as such, have to take into consideration the national integrating as well. Some important social responsibilities of trade unions includepromoting and maintaining national integration by reduction the number of industrial disputesincorporating a sense of corporate social responsibility in workersachieving industrial peace3.4 Reasons for Joining Trade UnionsThe important forces that make the employees join a union are as follows1. great Bargaining PowerThe individual employee possesses very little bargaining power as compared to that of his employer. If he is not satisfied with the wage and other conditions of employment, he can leave the byplay. It is not practicable to continually turn from one job after another when he is dissatisfied. This imposes a great financial and emotional angle upon the worker. The better course for him is to join a union that can take concerted action against the employer. The little terror or actuality of a strike by a union is a powerful tool that much causes the employer to accept the demands of the workers for better conditions of employment.2. Minimize Discriminationthe decisions regarding pay, work, transfer, promotion, etc. are highly subjective in nature. The personal relationships existing between the supervisor and each of his subordinates may influence the management. Thus, there are chances of favoritisms and discriminations. A trade union can compel the management to formulate personnel policies that press for equality of treatment to the workers. tout ensemble the labor decisions of the management are under close scrutiny of the labor union. This has the effect of minimizing favoritism and discrimination.3. scent out of SecurityThe employees may join the unions because of their belief that it is an effective way to secure adequate protection from versatile types of hazards and income insecurity such as accident, injury, illness, unemployment, etc. The trade union secure retirement benefits of the workers and compel the management to invest in welfare services for the benefit of the workers.4. Sense of Participationthe employees can participate in management of matters affecting their interests only if they join trade unions. They can influence the decisions that are taken as a result of collective bargaining between the union and the management.5. Sense of BelongingnessMany employees join a union because their co-workers are the members of the union. At times, an employee joins a union under group pressure if he does not, he often has a very difficult time at wo rk. On the other hand, those who are members of a union feel that they gain respect in the eyes of their fellow workers. They can also discuss their problem with the trade union leaders.6. Platform for self expressionthe desire for self-expression is a fundamental adult male drive for most people. All of us wish to share our feelings, ideas and opinions with others. Similarly the workers also want the management to listen to them. A trade union provides such a forum where the feelings, ideas and opinions of the workers could be discussed. It can also transmit the feelings, ideas, opinions and complaints of the workers to the management. The collective voice of the workers is heard by the management and give due consideration composition taking policy decisions by the management.7. Betterment of relationshipsanother reason for employees joining unions is that employees feel that unions can bring through the important need for adequate machinery for proper maintenance of employer-e mployee relations. Unions help in betterment of relations among management and workers by solving the problems peacefully.3.5 Trade Unionism in IndiaThe trade unionism in India developed sort of slowly as compared to the western nations. Indian trade union movement can be split up into three fleshs.The first phase (1850 to1900)During this phase the inception of trade unions took place. During this period, the working and living conditions of the labor were sad and their working hours were long. Capitalists were only interested in their productivity and profitability. In addition, the wages were also low and usual economic conditions were poor in industries. In order to regulate the working hours and other service conditions of the Indian textile laborers, the Indian Factories Act was enacted in 1881. As a result, employment of child labor was prohibited.The growth of trade union movement was slow in this phase and later on the Indian manufacturing plant Act of 1881 was amended in 1891. Many strikes took place in the two decades following 1880 in all industrial cities. These strikes taught workers to understand the power of united action even though there was no union in real terms. Small associations like Bombay Mill-Hands linkup came up by this time.The second phase (1900 to 1946)This phase was characterized by the development of organized trade unions and political movements of the working class. Between 1918 and 1923, many unions came into existence in the country. At Ahmedabad, under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi, occupational unions like spinners unions and weavers unions were formed. A strike was launched by these unions under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi who turned it into a satyagrah. These unions federated into industrial union known as Textile Labor Association in 1920.In 1920, the First National Trade union organization (The All India Trade Union telling (AITUC)) was established. Many of the leaders of this organization were leaders of t he national Movement. In 1926, Trade union law came up with the efforts of Mr. N N Joshi that became operative from 1927. During 1928, All India Trade Union Federation (AITUF) was formed.The third phase began with the proceeds of independent India (in 1947). The partition of country affected the trade union movement particularly Bengal and Punjab. By 1949, quatern central trade union organizations were functioning in the countryThe All India Trade Union intercourse,The Indian National Trade Union Congress,The Hindu Mazdoor Sangh, andThe United Trade Union CongressThe working class movement was also politicized along the lines of political parties. For instance Indian national trade Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union arm of the Congress Party. The AITUC is the trade union arm of the Communist Party of India. Besides workers, white-collar employees, supervisors and managers are also organized by the trade unions, as for example in the Banking, policy and Petroleum industries .3.6 Trade unions in Indiathe Indian workforce consists of 430 million workers, growing 2% annually. The Indian labor markets consist of three sectorsThe rural workers, who constitute about 60 per cent of the workforce.Organized sector, which employs 8 per cent of workforce, andThe urban informal sector (which includes the growing software industry and other services, not included in the formal sector) which constitutes the rest 32 per cent of the workforce.At present there are twelve important Trade Union Organizations in IndiaAll India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)Hind Mazdoor Kisan Panchayat (HMKP)Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)Indian Federation of Free Trade Unions (IFFTU)Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU)National Labor Organization (NLO)Trade Unions Co-ordination Centre (TUCC)United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) andUnited Trade Union Congress Lenin Sarani (UTUC LS)FI GURES REGARDING dole out UNIONSTable Showing Growth of Trade Unions and Membership is following belowGrowth of trade unions and social station3.7 Industrial Relation PolicyPrior to 1991, the industrial relations system in India sought to tick conflicts and disputes through excessive labor legislations. These labor laws were protective in nature and covered a wide range of aspects of workplace industrial relations like laws on health and safety of labors, layoffs and retrenchment policies, industrial disputes and the like. The basic purpose of these laws was to protect labors. However, these protectionist policies created an atmosphere that led to increased inefficiency in firms, over employment and inability to introduce efficacy. With the coming of globalization, the 40 year old policy of protectionism proved inadequate for Indian industry to remain competitive as the lack of flexibility posed a serious threat to manufacturers because they had to compete in the international ma rket.With the advent of liberalization in1992, the industrial relations policy began to change. Now, the policy was tilted towards employers. Employers opted for workforce reduction, introduced policies of voluntary retirement schemes and flexibility in workplace also increased. Thus, globalization brought major changes in industrial relations policy in India. The changes can be summarized as followsCollective bargaining in India has mostly been decentralized, but now in sectors where it was not so, are also facing pressures to follow decentralization.Some industries are cutting employment to a significant extent to cope with the domestic and foreign competition e.g. pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, in other industries where the demand for employment is increasing are experiencing employment growths.In the expansionary scrimping there is a clear shortage of managers and skilled labor.The number of local and enterprise level unions has increased and there is a significant reduct ion in the influence of the unions.Under pressure some unions and federations are putting up a united front e.g. banking.Another trend is that the employers have started to push for ingrained unions i.e. no outside affiliation.HR policies and forms of work are emerging that include, curiously in multi-national companies, multi-skills, variable compensation, job rotation etc. These new policies are difficult to implement in place of old practices as the institutional set up still needs to be changed.HRM is seen as a key fixings of business strategy.Training and skill development is also receiving attention in a number of industries, especially banking and information technology.