Group Dynamics in Twelve Angry Men

The movie 12 Angry Men is a interest and insightful examination of a diverse sort of twelve jurors who are uncomfortably brought together to deliberate the facts of a seemingly open-and-shut murder rill. The insert is the trial of a frightened, teenaged defendant accused of stabbing and killing his father. However, there is an underlying sense that the jurors, themselves, and the American judicial system, are on trial as sanitary. The trial by jury system is supposed to produce a unanimous decision in an objective, fair and unbiased manner.This film takes to a greater extent than a glimpse behind the closed doors of a jury room and reveals that its whatsoeverthing only if what we would expect. So, what went wrong? In order to answer that question, we must regard the twelve jurors and their personalities, their ability and often inability to communicate clearly, and the positive and negative aspects of their divergence management processes. The jurors are a group of predomi nately middle-aged white males. Thats to the highest degree(predicate) where the similarities end.Their personalities, prejudices, weaknesses, socio-economic and cultural differences, priorities, ignorance, and fears often cause them to avoid the true issues of the case. The foreman of the jury ( juryman 1) is an assistant high school footb exclusively coach but lacks any natural leadership skills. Throughout the proceedings, he tries to keep the proceedings formal but is easily frustrated and sensitive when his authority or control is threatened. juror 2 is a meek and mild bank teller who seems to try to avoid conflict at all costs. juryman 3 runs a courier service and is a rude bully.He is extremely mental pictureated and biased, loud-mouthed, intolerant and temperamental. Although defiant to the end, its later discovered that his own personal conflicts greatly govern his behavior. juryman 4 is a stockbroker. Hes very logical, self-assured, and quick-scented. Its apparent early in the movie that he has an amazing recall around the evidence introduced in the case and has kept meticulous notes. Juror 5 is a reserved and quiet man. He is apparently ashamed of his slum-dwelling upbringing and indecisive at first to speak up. Its possible that he has a Hispanic heritage, but this is completely speculation.Juror 6 is a blue-collar painter. A natural follower, he seems to ingest difficulty in making his own decisions. Hes intolerant of disrespect towards the older juror. Juror 7 is a salesman whose main interest is getting to a baseball game that he has tickets for. He lacks any compassion or concern for the defendants life. Juror 8 is a patient and thoughtful architect. A natural leader, he often persuades others through his calm logical reasoning. He is focused on the dryness of the case and is able to separate others personal prejudices from the task at hand. Juror 9 is the eldest man in the group.Hes at the capitulation of his life and has uncanny powers of observation and perception. Juror 10 is an intolerant, racist, and angry man. He uses no logical reasoning skills and tries to force his emotional and bitter opinions on others. Juror 11 is a recent immigrant to the United States. He is well spoken and has a much deeper respect for the American judicial system than the rest of the group. He is polite and occasionally clever, but excessively resolute and open-minded. Juror 12 is a superficial advertising man. He seemingly lacks any real hustleions about anything as evidenced by his constant swaying to others opinions.These men all have obvious strengths and weaknesses. And, they each have their different and unique individual life experiences and attitudes. hardly its precisely those differences that affect how they are able to interact with each other (although often ineffectively) to work through the task thats been given to them. Further, the just way to convey those differences, those things that are important or u nimportant to them, is through communication. As is often the case, how we communicate with others determines the results that we achieve. If we communicate effectively, others can easily grasp our ideas and intentions.If, however, we habituate poor communications skills, our true objectives become confusing, misinterpreted, or lost altogether. Twelve Angry Men gives excellent examples of both clear, concise, and reasonable communication skills as well as inadequate, appalling, and exasperating ones. Henry Fonda (Juror 8) was far and away the nigh effective communicator of this group. Perhaps this is why he was able to lastly achieve the unlikely endeavor of swaying the other eleven jurors. After the initial vote was taken, the emotionally charged group immediately became insolent.Fonda was able to not only convey his intentions of not emotionally pre-judging the young defendant, but did so in such a way that was not directly confrontational. He openly admits that he doesnt neces sarily conceptualize the boys story, but tries to refocus the group towards the legal standards set forth by the judge. He suggests that the group spend just one hour discussing the case and calculation the facts, rather than sending the boy off to die without at least some thought. Throughout the movie Fonda is able to argue and counter-argue his doubts with a rational, thoughtful cool-headedness that do it difficult for the other jurors to deny.Juror 4 (E. G. Marshall) was also an effective communicator. His arguments for guilt were clear, concise, and matter-of-fact. However, he often presented arguments in a smug, conceited manner. I think it was only Fondas appeal to his logical side that eventually won Juror 4 over. On the other side of the coin, it was the total lack of communication skills that naughtily hampered the arguments of Juror s 3 and 10. Juror 3 (Lee J. Cobb) was abrasive and blustery. He was a bully in the worst sense of the word. He had no rational arguments of his own, and tried to use others as a springboard for his emotional personal attacks.He obviously felt very strongly about the boys guilt, (albeit for the wrong reasons), but was never able to forward any coherent reasoning to express that. Instead he used insults, assaults and threats to make up for his lack of coherent discussion. Juror 10 was just plain offensive. He was not capable of issuing any arguments, only violent outbursts of ignorant prejudice. It was precisely these types of communication and personality types that served to most influence the groups dynamics throughout the movie. Even though the initial vote was 11-1 for guilty, it can be contended that the group was possibly more divided. sextette of the jurors, (Juror s 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 12), raised their hands for a guilty verdict almost immediately. Yet, five of the remaining six (Juror s 2, 5, 6, 11, and 9) were initially hesitant with their vote. They raised their hands only after seeing how quickly the oth ers raised theirs. This is what Forsyth (1999) probably would have called compliance, Compliance occurs when group members privately disagree with the group, but publicly express an opinion that matches the opinions expressed by the majority of the group (179).This assumption could be reinforced by the order in which the jurors changed their votes. The five jurors originally hesitant were the first ones to permutation their votes to not guilty as the meeting progressed. The foremans inability to lead effectively was another major component of the groups dynamics in this case. Juror 1s deficiency caused the group to be more responsive to Juror 8s natural leadership skills. The toleration of Juror 8s leadership facilitated the unlikely transition of the group from a guilty verdict to one of not guilty.Forsyth (1999) explains, In general, the greater the sensed competency and group-centered motivation of the individual, the more influential the minority (185). Juror 8 gained idiosyn crasy ascribe with the group as the meeting progressed and slowly developed his credibility. These credits accumulate during the course of interaction, typically as a member contributes to the progress of the group toward desired goals (Forsyth, 1999, p. 186). Twelve Angry Men is a movie about conflict and conflict resolution. When Juror 8 raises his hand to cast the only not guilty vote he throws the group into conflict.But, it is this same conflict that enables the group to intelligently complete their task. According to Forsyth (1999), Exposure to others positions, in addition to providing additional information and prompting a more thorough analysis of that information, can also cause group members to reinterpret, or cognitively restructure, key aspects of the issue (191). After the initial vote, tempers flared, votes changed, divisions were created, emotions were exhibited, and prejudices were displayed.Throughout the rest of the movie though, the group, perhaps unconsciously, moved towards conflict resolution. belief gives way to arguing, emotions take place of logic, and the once unified group splits into factions and coalitions. This period of conflict escalation is, in most cases, followed by a reduction in conflict and, ideally, conflict resolution (Forsyth, 1999, p. 237). Insofar as conflict is resolved successfully, it has stabilizing functions and becomes an integrating component of the group relationship (Forsyth, 1999), p. 263). These twelve jurors began with conflict, proceeded through often-heated conflict escalation, and eventually came to resolution.They may not have bonded emotionally together, but they were able to produce the best results with the tools they were given. It cant be said for sure if the experience would have changed their attitudes permanently, but it is unlikely. However, it is hoped that those of us who view the film will not be so quick to judge after seeing the facts in our own situations. To convict the young man bas ed on their prejudices, emotions, or apathy would have been a travesty of justice. But, with group observation, discussion, and logical reasoning, (even if forced by conflict), we can all make better decisions.