Gambiling Australia Economic Perspectives â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Gambiling Australia Economic Perspectives? Answer: Introduction The study highlights on the economic analysis of the over consumption of gambling. Gambling takes in various forms that include lotteries, table games, poker machines and scratchies (Bilancini and D'Alessandro, 2012). Recent statistic reflects that Australians has participated in theses different forms of gambling in the previous year. It has been noted that electronic gambling machines are considered as the superseding source of revenue from gambling. In the year 2009, it has been estimated that there were more than 198,300 gaming machines in this nation and the revenue earned from them was near about $59,700. In addition, duties of gambling and taxes are an important funding source to the Australias government and hence directly employs for about 35,000 people (Delfabbro and King, 2012). The economic as well as social cost of gambling in Australia is discussed in this report. It also reflects on the gambling effects on economic efficiency. The study also focuses on the three polici es that aids in reducing gambling in relation with the use of poker machines. Economic and social cost of gambling in Australia Gambling is recreational pursuit for the people of this nation. The stakeholders of this industry argue that gambling provides social benefits to the Australians (Gainsbury et al., 2014). They also squabble that gambling offers indirect range or intangible advantage to the local communities. These advantages include improving life quality for elderly, securing environments a high social cohesion. Social cost refers to the section of internal benefits as well as cost that the person does take into account while undertaking this activity. It relates to the externalities that influence the activity that are inflicted involuntarily on the society. The social and economic cost of gambling fall into nine categories that includes: Crime cost in relation to police, apprehension and incarceration spending. The direct as well as indirect cost may amount to 152 million and 174 million respectively. Business as well as employment cost that includes lost job productivity, work time and employer cost in relation to unemployment. Social service cost relating to job loss and treatment that seeks in minimizing gambling behavioral problems. The indirect cost relating to this might amount to 174 million. Bankruptcy also inflicts society cost in legal form and other expended resources. Direct regulatory cost that relates with oversight of Australian oversight on gambling and its industry Cost related to family such as domestic violence and separation Abused dollars that are obtained in improper way but is not considered as crime. Industry lobbying cost refers to the opportunity cost and utilization of resources in more productive manner. Suicide cases of youth owing to gambling Gambling has adverse consequences to every aspects of society. From societal perspective, the main issue of gambling is stemming from poverty, poor condition of individuals health, low social as well as human capital and rundown of community resources. The economic policy solution regarding this issue is inserting caps on the machine numbers in area of highest socioeconomic disadvantage. Another sol;ution is ban on advertisement on gambling machines. Effects of gambling on economic efficiency Addiction of gambling relates to pathological gambling consumption. It develops into addiction when this leads to obsession and adversely affects the life of the individual. Overconsumption of gambling invests much time as well as money of the Australians (Becchetti et al., 2016). It also loses social contract with self-esteem and self confidence. The above case study shows that around 1.4 million Australians are directly affected by gambling. Overexpansion of gambling leads to deterioration in Australias terms of trade that adversely affects the real income of the economy. The gambling dominant nation directs to balanced growth path and hence it becomes less vulnerable to nations business cycles. Gambling affects the Australian economy in direct as well as indirect way. The direct impact of gambling expenditures represents net addition to the resources of the community. For example, casino directly or indirectly affects on the Australians income as well as their jobs. The direct impact of casino is on the nations income as well as employment that is associated with offering of commodities to its patrons. On the contrary, casino indirectly affects on the communities as employees expend their paychecks in their community and thus leading to more employment (M et al., 2014). Input-output model are used to estimate indirect effects of gambling. These models help in evaluating the effects of gambling on economic development and efficiency of Australia. It also helps in recognizing one industry output that are used as inputs in another industry. Thus, variation in one industrys activities affects both the suppliers as well as customers associated with gambling. Moreover, these mode ls also work through multipliers development that helps in concluding ripple effects on the economy. However, this model aids in explaining negative externalities that result in overconsumption of gambling and inefficient equilibrium above the socially optimum equilibrium (Arifo?lu et al., 2012). Thus, it throws spillover effect on other individuals as marginal private benefit (MPB) exceeds marginal social benefit (MSB). This is shown with the help of the diagram given below: Figure 1: Negative Externality of Gambling Source: (Authors creation) As it is an addictive commodity, the demand becomes inelastic. Thus, taxation does not reduce the demand for quantity enough for MPB=MSB. It can also lead to gambling under black market and adds risk of violence, thus making inefficient solution. The above figure shows that MPB MSB. Australian government has introduced wagering tax for directing fund to gambling rehabilitation centre and offer service to the Australians. Tax reforms the externality as it intends to make both the consumers as well as producers pay social cost of products. However, this helps in reducing bad consumption and creates socially efficient outcome. If tax is not implemented then it leads to overconsumption or addition of gambling. Three effective policies for reducing gambling The three effective policies that facilitates in reducing gambling in relation to use of poker machines are: Pigouvian tax- Pigouvian tax refers to the tax levied on the activity of the market that creates negative externality. This tax is proposed in order to correct outcome of inefficient market and is set equivalent to social cost of negative externalities (Philander, 2012). Pigouvian tax is imposed on activities of gambling in order to attenuate its external cost. It also helps in mitigating unbalanced growth biased by gaming via resource reallocation. Therefore, sin tax is noted for rising economic welfare of Australia. Australian government creates deadweight loss in order to restrict gambling supply in the market. Figure 2: Pigouvian tax on poker machine (Source: As created by author) The SACOSS MODEL This model helps in promoting gambling tax regime that includes gambling taxes imposed for covering the costs associated with it and problem gambling in specific differential rate of tax and concessions that is used to provide incentives for minimization of measures; the remaining taxes directed into wealth fund in which the earnings of that fund move to merged revenue as well as in current expenditure. Quota on poker machines- Poker machines relates to games of chance that requires no skill in playing (Williams et al., 2012). Poker machines of Australia have return to player (RTP) by about 90%. Recent reports of productivity commission reflect that the people of Australia lose $12 billion each year with the help of poker machines. In essence, this poker machines has been introduced for replacing income constraint in respect of time constraint. Non-price policy-The non price policies imposed by the Australian government for reducing gambling includes: Strategizes of family intervention- Strategies are implemented in such a way that the members of family have the capacity in initiating third party gambler (Ross et al., 2012). Education as well as awareness program adopted by the government of Australia The program adopted by the government includes- dispelling myths about gambling and educating Australians Establishing Research of National Gambling- This program is funded by the all state program in order to reduce national gambling. Staff intervention strategies- Australian government as well as industry collaborates for introducing senior staff for identifying problems with patrons. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above report that gambling consequence in negative health effect of the Australians. As Australians are considered as the productive gamblers in the globe, it is necessary to develop national strategy in order to recognize and reduce gambling problem. Problem gambling is noteworthy public health problems in this nation that affects Australians, medical practitioners and governments. Gambling activities in Australia have increased and diversified in recent years. Increase in gambling behavior increases prevalence of gambling problem as well as entrenched dependence of government upon its taxation. Therefore, as overconsumption of gambling causes negative externalities, Australian government adopts effective policies in order to curb gambling from the nation. References Arifo?lu, K., Deo, S., Iravani, S. M. (2012). Consumption externality and yield uncertainty in the influenza vaccine supply chain: Interventions in demand and supply sides.Management Science,58(6), 1072-1091. Becchetti, L., Solferino, N., Tessitore, M. E. (2016). A dynamic model of Gambling addiction with social costs: theory and policy solutions. Bilancini, E., D'Alessandro, S. (2012). Long-run welfare under externalities in consumption, leisure, and production: A case for happy degrowth vs. unhappy growth.Ecological Economics,84, 194-205. Delfabbro, P., King, D. (2012). Gambling in Australia: Experiences, problems, research and policy.Addiction,107(9), 1556-1561. Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A., Hing, N., Wood, R., Lubman, D. I., Blaszczynski, A. (2014). The prevalence and determinants of problem gambling in Australia: assessing the impact of interactive gambling and new technologies.Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,28(3), 769. Gainsbury, S., Sadeque, S., Mizerski, D., Blaszczynski, A. (2012). Wagering in Australia: A retrospective behavioural analysis of betting patterns based on player account data.Journal of Gambling Business Economics,6(2). Gainsbury, S., Hing, N., Delfabbro, P. H., King, D. L. (2014). A taxonomy of gambling and casino games via social media and online technologies.International Gambling Studies,14(2), 196-213. Philander, K. S. (2013). A normative analysis of gambling tax policy.UNLV Gaming Research Review Journal,17(2), 2. Ross, D., Sharp, C., Vuchinich, R. E., Spurrett, D. (2012).Midbrain mutiny: The picoeconomics and neuroeconomics of disordered gambling: Economic theory and cognitive science. MIT press. Williams, R. J., West, B. L., Simpson, R. I. (2012).Prevention of problem gambling: A comprehensive review of the evidence and identified best practices. Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care.

Project Execution Planning and Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Execution Planning and Management. Answer: Project Delivery Method The project delivery method is defined as an efficient process or procedure utilized in any construction project for developing the design, scope, consultants and design sequence for completing the project. Therefore, each project differs in characteristic with the other based on the delivery method used for completion of the project. Currently, in the public funded project, the three major project delivery methods are followed including CM @ risk, Design build and design bid build. The selection of the appropriate project delivery method needs to be considered based on the alignment of the project requirement with the characteristics of the method. The various characteristics of the method of the three project delivery method are illustrated in the section below: Design-Bid Build: The process of Design Bid Build is considered as one of the traditional process used for design and construction. In this process the design of the project is completed before the bidding process, and the construction part of the project is provided for construction project. In this type of delivery method, the errors regarding the design of the construction project becomes the responsibility of the project owner. Design Build: In the project delivery method of Design build, both the design and construction module of the project are being procured. This type of project is being characterized by the contract from one single entity. Usually the process of RFP (Request for Proposals) and RFQ (Request for Qualifications) are being employed in the project. CM @ Risk: This type of project delivery method is characterized with different construction and design procurement for completing the construction. The contract between the construction manager and the construction agency is at risks determining the final time and cost required for the construction project. Based on the characteristics of the three delivery methods, CM @ Risk, Design Build and Design-Bid Build methods has been provided the score in the evaluation matrix. In the project delivery method evaluation matrix, it has been identified that application of design build method would be most appropriate for selecting the appropriate project delivery method for the project for widening the existing highway for the Sydney motorway network. From the case study for the project of widening of the Sydney Motorway Network it has been identified that the working capacity and complexity in widening of the road are the significant factor that needs to be considered while selecting the project delivery method. The M5 motorway has been predicted to have an increase in the traffic of 24 % in the weekdays. Therefore, the construction for widening of the motorway needs to be carried out with utmost care and safety without risking the daily life of thousands of individuals. Therefore, in the evaluation matrix, design complexity has been provided with maximum weightier. In addition to that, the inability or failure to manage the organizational structure associate d with the widening of the motorway carries the potential for slipping out vital activities in the project. Therefore, risk assessment and management in the project is the second most significant factor having the maximum weight. Further, the project has been scheduled to be completed within 2023. Failure to complete the project within set deadline will in turn increase the complexity and budget for construction. Therefore, schedule delivery has been allocated as the second highest weight for the project. Cost allocated and the owner experience has been provided with the thirst highest weight as AUD 16.8 billion has been contracted for the project. Goals/ Criteria Criteria Weight Project Delivery Method Design-Bid Build Design-Build CM @ Risk Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Schedule Delivery 15 4 60 10 150 8 120 Innovation of the Construction 5 4 20 9 45 10 50 Design Complexity 20 3 60 9 180 8 160 Risk Assessment 20 4 80 10 200 8 160 Experience of the Owner 10 10 100 8 80 3 30 Experience of the staffs 5 10 50 8 40 4 20 Contractor Experience 8 4 32 10 80 10 80 Cost 10 3 30 10 100 8 80 level of control 7 9 63 8 56 10 70 total 100 495 931 770 Based on the evaluation matrix, Design-Build has been identified as the appropriate project delivery method that can be employed in the widening of the motorway project. Financial Contract Type The project for the widening of the motor way required the creating four lanes from the exiting two lanes in order o improve the transportation facilities. The financial contact for the construction projects provides a legal agreement binding the contractor and the owner of the project. The contract further provides the detailed information about the type and amount of compensation provided to the contractors and designers for completing the project within the allocated amount of time. In the construction project, there are three major types of contract followed for binding the contractor on the basis of financial amount. Lump Sum Contract: The contract for the lump sum is characterized by the fixed financial amount provided for the completion of the project. Completing the project before the schedule would help in increasing the benefits and profits from the lump sum provided in the beginning. The lump sum is applicable when the scope and objective of the project are mentioned by the project owner. Application of lump sum contract helps in eliminating any risks associated with the contractor. Cost Plus Contract: In the cost plus contract the total budget provided by the owner is based on the actual price required by the activities that have been followed during the construction project. The cost plus contract provides the contractor with the ability to negotiate the financial amount required for the construction project. During the determination of the prince, all the direct and indirect cost are taken into consideration. Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract: The financial contract of Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract are distributed among the contractors based o the total price provided based on the activities and construction module pre-define din the design of the project. in this type of contract, the financial budget can only be increased after formal approval from the owner. The project for the development of the widening of the motor way network needs to be carried out on the lump sum of AUD 16.8 billion provided to the West LINK for completing the entire project. Therefore, the fixed cost criteria have been allocated with maximum weight along with the risks and quality factor for constructing and completing e entre project. Furthermore, the project needs to be completed within the allocated deadline with 2023. Therefore, schedule has been provided with second highest weight for the construction project. Similarly, all the other criteria has been evaluated and judged based in the requirement as mentioned in the construction project. Goals/ Criteria Criteria Weight Financial Contract Type Lump sum contract Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract Cost plus Fixed Fee Contract Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Fixed cost for construction 20 10 200 8 160 7 140 Schedule project 15 10 150 7 105 10 150 increased performance and production 5 8 40 4 20 5 25 bidding analysis 5 9 45 2 10 4 20 risk 20 7 140 5 100 9 180 design 5 4 20 2 10 8 40 higher cost for unforeseen condition 10 8 80 4 40 8 80 quality 20 8 160 4 80 7 140 total 100 835 525 775 Based on the evaluation matrix, lump sum financial contract should be utilized for the construction of widening the motorway of the project. Procurement Method The selection of appropriate procurement methods in the construction project helps in ensuring the project success and client satisfaction. The application of appropriate procurement process helps in improving the quality and standard of the construction project. Based on the construction project criteria, three main types of procurement methods are followed namely best value procurement, negotiated procurement and competitive procurement. Competitive procurement methods: The competitive procurement process allowed the all contractors with the process for judging the contractors in the basis of various characteristics of the contractors on the basis of technical quality of the contractors. The competitive procurement methods evaluated the capability, experience and financial cost of the contractor. Further the experience and technical capability of the contractor are judged before selecting the appropriate contractor. Negotiated procurement methods: In the negotiation procurement process, the contractor can discuss and negotiate the budget with the owner. The profit margin and risk factor associated with the project are considered before selecting the appropriated contractors. This type of procurement methods includes huge amount of financial budget by the contractors. Best Value procurement methods: In the method for best value procurement process, the contractor with the least amount of bid is chosen for the construction project. This process is associated with less risks and future consequences of the construction. Further, the application of the best value procurement process eliminates the assessment of the contractor based on the quality and technical process employed for the construction project. In this project for the widening the new freeway, a fixed amount has been provide by the government and deadline for completion has been set. Therefore, the cost for the procurement has been provided with the highest priority in the methods followed by the schedule. The construction would help in improving the quality and safety of the people using the pathway. In addition to that, mission out of any parts or activities in the construction would increase the risks associated with the project. Therefore, the risks have been allocated to next highest weight in the evaluation matrix. Goals/ Criteria Criteria Weight Procurement Method Competitive Negotiated Best Value Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Cost 20 10 200 4 80 3 60 quality 10 8 80 10 100 10 100 Schedule 10 8 80 6 60 7 70 risk 13 9 117 7 91 4 52 public accountability 5 5 25 1 5 6 30 project size 5 7 35 5 25 8 40 experience of the contractor 15 10 150 8 120 3 45 government policy 5 5 25 3 15 4 20 Decision of the owner 2 3 6 10 20 5 10 expertise of the contractor 15 10 150 8 120 6 90 total 100 868 636 517 Based on the evaluation matrix, competitive procurement method has been selected as the appropriate method for selecting the procurement for the construction project. Therefore the application of the competitive procurement could help in improving the quality and standard of the project. Bibliography Asher, M. G., Sharma, T., Sheikh, S. (2015). Public Procurement Legislation Essential for Improving Public Financial Management in India. da Silva Barboza, L., Gilberto Filho, A. D. A., de Souza, R. A. (2014, August). Towards a legal compliance verification approach on the procurement process of IT solutions for the Brazilian Federal Public Administration. InRequirements Engineering and Law (RELAW), 2014 IEEE 7th International Workshop on(pp. 39-40). IEEE. Gruenen, J., Bode, C., Hoehle, H. (2017, May). Predictive Procurement Insights: B2B Business Network Contribution to Predictive Insights in the Procurement Process Following a Design Science Research Approach. InInternational Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems(pp. 267-281). Springer, Cham. Hawkins, T. G., Gravier, M. J., Berkowitz, D., Muir, W. A. (2015). Improving services supply management in the defense sector: How the procurement process affects B2B service quality.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,21(2), 81-94. Hayden, M. A. (2016).Engaging Users through the Application of Value Stream Mapping to Streamline the Procurement Process for Office Equipment(Doctoral dissertation, Ohio University). Jans, M., Alles, M. G., Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2014). A field study on the use of process mining of event logs as an analytical procedure in auditing.The Accounting Review,89(5), 1751-1773. Lawal, S. O. (2016). Procurement Process Design. Lima, F. S., Gonalves, M. B., Samed, M. M. A., Hellingrath, B. (2015, June). Integration of a Mathematical Model Within Reference Task Model at the Procurement Process Using BPMN for Disasters Events. InInternational Conference in Swarm Intelligence(pp. 440-452). Springer International Publishing. Lippman, E., McMahon, M. (2017). Professionalism and Politics in the Procurement Process: United States Civil War Early Years.Accounting Historians Journal,44(1), 63-76. Lozano, R., Witjes, I. S., van Geet, C., Willems, M. (2016). Collaboration for Circular Economy: Linking sustainable public procurement and business models. Mishra, A. N., Devaraj, S., Vaidyanathan, G. (2013). Capability hierarchy in electronic procurement and procurement process performance: An empirical analysis.Journal of Operations Management,31(6), 376-390. O'mahony, B., Noone, D., Prihodova, L. (2015). Survey of coagulation factor concentrates tender and procurement procedures in 38 European Countries.Haemophilia,21(4), 436-443. Wedin Hansson, L., Johansson, S. (2017). Institutional Incentives for Sustainable Public Procurement: a Case Study of Sustainability Considerations in the Swedish Construction Sector.The Public Procurement Law Review,26(5), 220-235. Witjes, S., Lozano, R. (2015, July). Developing a holistic framework to understand the contribution of sustainable public procurement to the development of more sustainable business models. Project Execution Planning and Management – Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Project Execution Planning And Management? Answer: Introducation Design-Bid-Build the design-bid build consists of three different phases where the designing phase, bidding phase and the building phase. The designing phase consists of steps, which corresponds to the creation of the project plan and architectural design of the project (Park Kwak, 2017).. The owner hires an architect who is given the task of creating the architectural design of the project. If the owner of the project the architect goes on to approves the design produce the bid document that will be the basis on which, the bidding from the contractor will be happening. The requirements of the design has to be met by the architecture to fulfill the criteria of the project objectives (Ramsey, El Asmar Gibson, 2015). After the bid document is created the document is analyzed and the bidding phase starts. Different contractors come for the bidding auction of the project. They place their bidding for them to buy the tender for the project. After the completion of the bidding the owner along with the architect can either select one of the bidders based on the criteria he had put forward, reject all the bidders or start a new bidding process at a later date. After the complete selection of the contractor the project is assigned to them to work on (Park Kwak, 2017).. The contractor has to then start collecting all the permits that are required for the completion of the project. The contractor then produces a detailed timeline for the working of the project and delivers it to the owner for successful authorization. The architect hired by the owner works as a representative of the owner and looks after the working of the project timeline and the quality of the project (Ramsey, El Asmar Gibson, 2015). Design-Build In this process, the owner has to hire a general contractor who would look after the working of the project and an architect who would be in charge of the designing and implementing project in a correct manner (Minchin et al., 2013). This project delivery method lacks the process of bidding procedure, which selects the contractor who would be working on the project tender. These type of projects are mainly the act of joint venture or are completed in partnership with the owner and the architecture or the contractor who is given the contract (Minchin et al., 2013). CM @ Risk the constructor is provided with a project report during the designing phase or when the design has been completed (Fehling et al., 2014). The constructor is then selected based on the past working experience and the lowest bid set forward by the constructors. The company is then assigned and has to complete the whole project from there forward. The project is approved based on the risks taken by the contractor manager (Fehling et al., 2014). The three processes has been critically evaluated and the case study has been studied with care. Upon successful evaluation, it has been found that the best project delivery system to select for the given case study would be the design build process. As the construction time line for the case study is 7 years so the design build would be the best method to be used by the construction company. The tender has many risks and has to be completely evaluated by the contractor who has taken the job. The marking score provided in the table above has been provided based on the case study. Financial Contract Type Lump sum contract the contract is of a stipulated amount that is confirmed between the owners of the project and the contractor who has agreed to work on the project (Minchin et l., 2014). The major risks, which will be considered during the execution of the project, will be left for the contractor to resolve. The payment is paid in full with the consideration of over head costs, profit margin and the labor costs. Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract this contract is evaluated based on the actual cost compensation of the contractor with the addition of the profit margin of the contractor being added to it (Lee Rao, 2015). The contractor is responsible for the expenditures that will be applicable for the project completion. If there is a shortage in the funds provided then the owner has to evaluate the project again and then provide the money required for the task (Burr, 2016). Cost plus Fixed Fee Contract the contractor is paid an amount of money and a separate nominal amount for tasks provided by the contractor (Chen et l., 2015). This in turn provides a margin of profit for the contractor to earn an extra amount of money. The expenses which will be calculated based on the work which will be provided by the contractor. The tender is settled only when both the parties agree on the said statement (Chen et l., 2015). The best recommendation for the case study will be to follow the lump sum contract. As the project is of large deadline the owner will be paying the contractor a handful amount of money and will be done with it. The contractor will then have to go on with the project execution plan. The contractor has to work on all the working procedures and complete the task with the best quality. Higher the marking given to a criteria the higher involvement it has in the project execution. Procurement Method Competitive the use of fair and ethical method of bidding provided by the contractor who are willing to take up the project (Fong, Avetisyan Cui, 2014). The process provides a platform for all the different contractors to provide a bid on the tender and acquire it. The process is targeted to provide an equal shareable platform for all contractor to come and get the tender (Fong, Avetisyan Cui, 2014). This process is helpful for the owner of the project to acquire the best kind of contractors for the work. The interested contractor fill out the form and then places a bid on the tender. The contractor is chosen based on the evaluation of the form-filled out by them and the amount of money quoted by them (Bajari, Houghton Tadelis, 2014). After the successful evaluation, the owner selects the contractor and is provided with the tender contract. The owner can be of price oriented or can be or best quality oriented. Based on these properties the contactor is chosen. The owner also eval uates the past experience and project delivery before giving the tender (Bajari, Houghton Tadelis, 2014). Negotiated the owner chooses a contractor chooses a specific contractor based on their relation of past working experience on based on the reputation of the contractor (Miller, 2014). The cost to be paid out to the contractor is discussed and if the contractor agrees of the quotation of money then the tender is given to the contractor. The contractor then starts working on the project. If the quotation is not agreeable for the owners then a new contractor is called. This method has been avoided for much reason such as huge amount quotations (Yaqub et al., 2014). Best Value the factor of the lowest bidding is not the only criteria that is evaluated by the owner but also the experience of the contractor in working with similar projects (Ballesteros-Prez et al., 2016). The quality of the work needs to be of high specification and the owner would not settle for less. The selection is made prior to the architectural design of the project. The values of the contractor is to be taken up and evaluated before accepting thee working tender. Due to the following of the procedure the owners has less risk involved in the project completion method. Many working owners for their project have used the system (Ballesteros-Prez et al., 2016). This has been chosen due to the fact that there are minimum amount of risks to be considered when the work is being done. There is less amount of decision making to be done by the worker and the owners. There is a certain amount of money quotation from the previous experience then the contractor can quote the amount of money (Tran Molenaar Gransberg, 2016). This would highly eliminate the process of bidding by the contractors for the tender acquisition. The method has been followed by many government agencies who wants to eliminate process of bidding on the project plans. Goals/ Criteria Criteria Weight Procurement Method Procurement Method Procurement Method Competitive Negotiated Best Value Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Bidding 30 7 210 8 240 3 90 Decision of the owner is final 35 7 245 2 70 7 245 Negotiation 15 2 30 8 120 2 30 Risk taken 25 5 125 8 200 3 75 Total 105 610 630 440 The recommended procedure to follow for the case study would be the best value method. The recommendation has been provided based on the evaluation of the case study. The quality of work to be provided by the contractor is very high for this project. The price of the project make it to be of cost effective type. The marks has been provided to the criteria based on the case study. The higher the marks provided the more involved the criteria is in the project. References Bajari, P., Houghton, S., Tadelis, S. (2014). Bidding for incomplete contracts: An empirical analysis of adaptation costs. The American economic review, 104(4), 1288-1319. Ballesteros-Prez, P., Skitmore, M., Pellicer, E., Zhang, X. (2016). Scoring rules and competitive behavior in best-value construction auctions. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(9), 04016035. Burr, A. (Ed.). (2016). Delay and disruption in construction contracts. CRC Press. Chen, Q., Xia, B., Jin, Z., Wu, P., Hu, Y. (2015). Choosing appropriate contract methods for design-build projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(1), 04015029. Fehling, C., Leymann, F., Retter, R., Schupeck, W., Arbitter, P. (2014). Cloud computing patterns: fundamentals to design, build, and manage cloud applications. Springer Science Business Media. Fong, C. K., Avetisyan, H. G., Cui, Q. (2014). Understanding the Sustainable Outcome of Project Delivery Methods in the Built Environment. Organization, Technology Management in Construction, 6(3). Lee, H., Rao, S. (2015). Nevada Demonstration Project: Construction Manager at Risk Contracting for Rehabilitation of I-80 Carlin Tunnels in Elko County, NV. Miller, D. P. (2014). Subcontracting and competitive bidding on incomplete procurement contracts. The RAND Journal of Economics, 45(4), 705-746. Minchin Jr, R. E., Li, X., Issa, R. R., Vargas, G. G. (2013). Comparison of cost and time performance of design-build and design-bid-build delivery systems in Florida. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(10), 04013007. Minchin, E., Ptschelinzew, L., Migliaccio, G. C., Gatti, U., Atkins, K., Warne, T., ... Asiamah, S. (2014). Guide for design management on design-build and construction manager/general contractor projects (No. Project 15-46). Park, J., Kwak, Y. H. (2017). Design-Bid-Build (DBB) vs. Design-Build (DB) in the US public transportation projects: The choice and consequences. International Journal of Project Management, 35(3), 280-295. Ramsey, D., El Asmar, M., Gibson Jr, G. E. (2015). Benchmarking the Procurement Performance of Single-Step Design-Build. Tran, D., Molenaar, K. R., Gransberg, D. D. (2016). Implementing Best-Value Procurement for DesignBidBuild Highway Projects. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2573), 26-33. Yaqub, E., Yahyapour, R., Wieder, P., Kotsokalis, C., Lu, K., Jehangiri, A. I. (2014, June). Optimal negotiation of service level agreements for cloud-based services through autonomous agents. In Services Computing (SCC), 2014 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 59-66). IEEE.

Amazing Research Paper Topics

Amazing Research Paper TopicsAre you looking for unique and interesting expository research paper topics? Then you have landed on the right page. This article will teach you about finding interesting expository research paper topics.First of all, you should know that no matter what specific topic you are looking for, you will be able to find it. However, there are several things that you need to keep in mind before you actually start researching. For example, you will need to do some groundwork first. You need to do some research and this research should include researching different types of research papers, reading expository research papers and researching around your own research subject.When you find a topic that interests you, then you will be able to search for interesting expository research paper topics. However, it is not as easy as it seems because you will have to research other types of papers and search for them online. And this is where the problem starts. There are a lot of sites online that offer up to date and interesting topics. However, there are also sites that offer a plethora of fresh topics for research papers.You will need to do a little bit of legwork if you want to get a whole list of topics. There are a lot of online sites that offer up to date topics and you can browse through their collection to find one that appeals to you. To save yourself time, you can just search for these sites and get a list of topics from them.After you find some research paper topics that you like, you can simply spend some time crafting your own research paper around them. Just be sure that you do not plagiarize. Plagiarism free paper will ensure that you will not be penalized for plagiarism.The time that you invest in crafting your own research paper will pay off in the end. It will be a lot more interesting than the average research paper. Remember that you will be writing for an audience that will not have to read your research paper in a short amount o f time. Your paper will have to catch their attention long enough to make them want to read it.The best way to go about finding the best research paper topics is to use the internet to help you out. You will be able to check out the best topics from many different sites before you even get started. This will make it easier for you to figure out which research paper topics are best for you.There are a lot of topics available for expository research paper topics. The only thing that you need to keep in mind is that you have to have something to write about. If you have nothing to write about, then you can't write.

Argumentative Research Paper Topics

Argumentative Research Paper TopicsArgumentative research papers cover many topic areas such as religion, politics, government, sex, ethics, global warming, sex education, history, and the environment. This is a great way to learn about a specific topic that you may be passionate about. This is also a great way to build relationships with your instructors or fellow classmates. You can choose to write about the origin of Christianity or the Bible.In order to get the most out of your argumentative research paper topics, it is important to know exactly what you are researching. Even if you are not religious or do not have a religious background, you should still be able to write about any subject. Here are some topic areas that you might consider:In today's society, people are becoming more sensitive to issues of religious discrimination and violence. Researching and understanding this trend is important to the progress of human knowledge. If you are a woman, you may want to research ho w women are treated in today's society. Men and women have different career opportunities. If you choose to write an argumentative research paper about this topic, you can describe in detail how certain jobs for men and women are not equally lucrative.Religious differences between some cultures and nations have made people from these cultures and nations more interested in religion. The growth of various religions in America has changed the face of religion in America. If you are interested in writing about religion in American society, you may want to write about the problems of other religions and about the progress of other religions. You can also include some points about the advancement of different types of Christianity.In a society where parents are in competition with each other to be the best teacher, educators, and disciplinarians, children's welfare is of utmost importance. In order to analyze the idea behind learning the fundamentals of learning, you can write an argumen tative research paper about this concept. If you study the principles of schooling, you can write about the importance of hard work and perseverance in academics. If you think about the concept of 'enlightenment' and how it is used in religion, you can discuss the importance of studying the tenets of one's religion.In a society where new politics are always forming, it is very important to understand the new political doctrines. In order to study the revolutionary events of the past, you can write about the political and social movements that influence the development of your country. If you have any doubt on how a political movement can influence a country, you can write about this concept. There are so many topic areas and sub-topics that you can cover when writing an argumentative research paper about political ideas.There are arguments on both sides of every topic; therefore, it is important to be well-educated in arguments on all topic areas and argumentative research paper top ics. If you already know how the world works, you can write about the debate on evolution, human life, and creationism. If you are not familiar with the theory of evolution, you can write about evolution, evolution theory, and human life.Arguments in a society are always changing. If you do not think that a particular topic is of interest to your friends, they might not share your opinion on the matter. Therefore, it is very important to write about many topic areas and argumentative research paper topics.

Bartleby- The Scrivener Essays - Bartleby, The Scrivener

Bartleby- The Scrivener In Herman Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener, the author uses several themes to convey his ideas. The three most important themes are alienation, mans desire to have a free conscience, and mans desire to avoid conflict. Melville uses the actions of an eccentric scrivener named Bartleby, and the responses of his cohorts, to show these underlying themes to the reader. The first theme, alienation, is displayed best by Bartlebys actions. He has a divider put up so that the other scriveners cannot see him, while all of them have desks out in the open so they are full view of each other, as well as the narrator. This caused discourse with all of the others in the office. This is proven when Turkey exclaims, I think Ill just step behind his screen and black his eyes for him.(p.2411) The other scriveners also felt alienated by the actions of the narrator. His lack of resolve when dealing with Bartleby angered them because they knew that if they would have taken the same actions, they would have been dismissed much more rapidly. The narrator admits to this when he said, With any other man I should have flown outright into a dreadful passion, scorned all further words, and thrust him ignominiously from my presence. (2409) The next theme is mans desire to avoid conflict. The narrator avoids conflict on several occasions. The first time Bartleby refused to proofread a paper, the narrator simply had someone else do it instead of confronting him and resolving the issue right then. By ignoring the problem, he left the door open for more disobedience. As expected, Bartleby continued to refuse to proofread and the narrator eventually gave up on asking him to do it. The narrator went to great lengths to avoid a confrontation. When Bartleby refused to leave the office after being fired, the narrator chose to move his office to a different location instead of removing the eccentric man by force. The narrator informs the reader of this idea when he says, No more then. Since he will not quit me, I must quit him. I will change my offices. (2422) By doing so, the narrator displays just how far man is sometimes willing to go to avoid conflict. The final theme is mans desire to have a free conscience. Melville reveals this theme through the actions of the narrator as well as the new tenants of the office. The narrator attempts to appease his conscience by giving Bartleby money above his wages when he fired him. The new tenants of the office try to put the responsibility of dealing with Bartleby back on the narrator, but they are denied and eventually have the man removed from the premises by law officers. Herman Melville uses the actions and reactions of the characters in Bartleby the Scrivener to disclose three important themes, alienation, mans desire to avoid conflict, and mans desire to keep a free conscience. In doing so, he gives us an inside look into the workings of the human mind. The reader is left with the impression that all people, including lawyers, have compassion for other humans, and at some point, that compassion will show through Biblio- Heath Anthology of American Lit., Third Edition, Vol I , Paul Lauter Ed.

Methods of Writing an Essay - Some Great Tips

Methods of Writing an Essay - Some Great TipsHere are a few methods of writing an essay. These may not be the only techniques that you have to use, but they will give you some ideas that may inspire you in the process. Sometimes it is a good idea to use a lot of different methods as you are able to find one or two that work well for you.When first starting out with your essay, it is best to simply state the main points and then move into outlining the larger theme. You want to make sure that you include all the information needed to support the main points of the essay. Don't worry about how short you need to make your article. This is not a journal article, where you can get away with a bit of padding.You also want to make sure that you use enough facts and data to support the argument and get your point across. You don't want to let your writer mind focus on details because it can slow down the whole process. Instead you want to just be as factual as possible and be concise.If you know someone that is employed in the same field as you are, then it may be a good idea to present evidence and support for your thesis. There is nothing worse than getting stuck on a point or simply not knowing enough information to support your statements. By using people that have a working knowledge of the topic you will be in a much better position to get your point across clearly.At the end of your book report it would be very helpful to talk about how you think it should be presented. Many times you will be told what format to use. Many times the most important thing is that you do your best and present your opinion honestly.Writing an essay can be difficult. You want to make sure that you are fully prepared before you start the process. You want to be completely satisfied with your essay at the end. If there is anything you are unsure of then don't worry about it, just go ahead and tackle it.A good tip is to simply work hard at each step of the process. This will help you dev elop as a writer.

What to Do About College Drinking

What to Do About College Drinking College is typically viewed as the pathway to gaining the skills and knowledge needed to embark on a successful career. However, it can also be a pathway to the casual acceptance of dangerous levels of alcohol consumption. Drinking is as much of the college experience as studying, sleep deprivation, and junk food. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, roughly 58% of college students admit to drinking alcohol, while 12.5% engage in heavy alcohol use, and 37.9% report binge drinking episodes. Terminology An alcoholic drink typically has 14 grams of pure alcohol, as defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Examples include 12 ounces of beer containing 5% alcohol, 5 ounces of beer containing 12% alcohol, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits containing 40% alcohol. Binge drinking is typically defined as men students consuming five drinks in the course of 2 hours, or women students consuming four drinks in the same time frame. The Problem While college drinking is often viewed as a fun and harmless activity, alcohol consumption among college students is associated with a variety of issues. According to the NIH: Over 1,800 college students die each year from alcohol-related incidents, such as vehicles crashes.Almost 700,000 college students are assaulted each year by someone who has been drinking.Roughly 79,000 college students report being raped or sexually assaulted (when either one or both parties have been drinking). At least 20% of college students develop an Alcohol Use Disorder, which means that alcohol consumption is impulsive and uncontrollable. These students actually crave alcohol, need to increase consumption levels to obtain the desired results, experience withdrawal symptoms, and prefer drinking to spending time with friends or engaged in other activities A full quarter (25%) of students admit that alcoholic consumption causes problems in the classroom, including such behaviors as skipping classes, failing to complete homework assignments, and performing poorly on tests. Too much alcohol can also result in fibrosis or cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, a weakened immune system, and various types of cancers. Prevention Strategies While the natural response is to simply discourage college students from drinking, Peter Canavan, a public safety officer at Wilkes University, and the author of The Ultimate Guide to College Safety: How To Protect Yourself From Online and Offline Threats to Your Personal Safety At College Around Campus, tells ThoughtCo that providing fact-based information on the dangers of drinking to excess is a better approach. â€Å"Education should be the first step to a successful strategy designed to eliminate or limit drinking,† Canavan says. â€Å"Responsible drinking and knowing when you have had too much to drink are important factors to staying safe.† Besides the laundry list of negative effects listed above in this article, Canavan says it’s possible for students to become victims of alcohol poisoning the very first time they drink. Aside from heart-rate and breathing changes, quickly consuming a large amount of alcohol could lead to a comatose state or even death. â€Å"Any time an individual consumes alcohol for the first time, the effects are unknown, but alcohol does cause memory and learning issues, forgetfulness, and bad judgment.† In addition, Canavan says alcohol dulls the senses, which can be catastrophic in an emergency situation.   Canavan provides the following tips to help students stay safe: Regulate your alcohol consumption to reduce the chances of experiencing dangerous outcomes; know your limit.Never leave your drink unattended; it may be compromised with a date rape drug while it is out of your sight.College is a huge investment in your future; dont jeopardize it by making poor decisions as a result of drinking. A drunk driving accident can harm or kill you or your passengers, so dont drink and drive. If you are convicted of a DUI, you may lose your license and be unable to get to college or work. Long-term, a DUI on your driving record could prevent you from getting a good job after graduation since many employers look at that when reviewing job applications. Colleges and communities can also play a role in preventing underage and excessive alcohol consumption by educating students. Additional strategies include reducing access to alcohol through such ways as checking a student’s identification, ensuring that inebriated students aren’t served additional drinks, and limiting the number of places that sell alcoholic drinks.